espEconomy: strategy and practiceEconomy: strategy and practice1997-99672663-550XИнститут экономики10.51176/1997-9967-2023-3-125-139esp-1113Research ArticleДЕМОГРАФИЯ, ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И РЫНОК ТРУДАDEMOGRAPHY, HUMAN RESOURCES AND THE LABOR MARKETГендерный разрыв в доступе к образованию в КазахстанеGender Gap in Access to Education in Kazakhstanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1644-3709СатпаеваЗ. Т.SatpayevaZ. T.

PhD, ведущий научный сотрудник

ул. Шевченко 28, A25K1B0, Алматы

Zaira T. Satpayeva - PhD, Leading Researcher

28 Shevchenko str., A25K1B0, Almaty

satpayeva.zaira@ieconom.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-5122НыгыметовГ. С.NygymetovG. S.

Докторант DBA

Коргалжинское шоссе 8, Z05K8C9, Астана

Galym S. Nygymetov – Candidate DBA

8 Korgalzhyn highway, Z05K8C9, Astana

g.nygymetov@nu.edu.kzИнститут экономики КН МНВО РККазахстанInstitute of Economics CS MSHE RKKazakhstanУниверситет КАЗГЮУ имени М.С. НарикбаеваКазахстанM. Narikbayev KAZGUU UniversityKazakhstan202303102023183125139Copyright © Сатпаева З.Т., Ныгыметов Г.С., 20232023Сатпаева З.Т., Ныгыметов Г.С.Satpayeva Z.T., Nygymetov G.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://esp.ieconom.kz/jour/article/view/1113

Гендерное неравенство в сфере образования является проблемой как в развитых, так и в развивающих странах. Данное социальное явление имеет множество негативных последствий (неравенство в доходах, снижение человеческого капитала, сокращение экономического роста и др.). Целью данного исследования является выявление гендерного неравенства в образовании посредством анализа гендерных разрывов в доступе к образованию в Казахстане. Исследование проводилось в рамках концепции либерального феминизма по оценке участия женщин в образовании. Вопросы гендерного неравенства в образовании были изучены посредством индекса гендерного паритета с акцентом на анализ охвата образованием женщин и мужчин и их удовлетворенностью доступностью образовательных услуг. Основными методами исследования были экономико-статистический анализ и сравнение. Источниковую базу исследования составили статистические данные Бюро национальной статистики Агентства по стратегическому планированию и реформам Республики Казахстан за период с 2000 по 2022 годы. Ограничением исследования стало отсутствие данных за определенный период либо по уровню образования. В ходе исследования было выявлено, что в Казахстане существует гендерное неравенство в сфере послевузовского образования, где среди числа учащихся преобладают женщины. За рассматриваемый период гендерное неравенство снизилось на уровне магистратуры и усилилось на уровне докторантуры. При этом в период пандемии гендерное неравенство в образовании на уровне магистратуры увеличилось, на уровне докторантуры - снизилось. Основной причиной возникновения гендерного неравенства в сфере послевузовского образования является низкая привлекательность занятости в сферы образования и науки со стороны мужчин из-за низкого уровня доходов в данной сфере. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о необходимости повышения престижа преподавательской и научно-исследовательской деятельности среди населения, в том числе посредством повышения заработной платы и обеспечения достойного социального пакета специалистам в данной сфере.

Gender inequality in education is a problem in both developed and developing countries. This social phenomenon has many negative consequences (income inequality, decline in human capital, reduction in economic growth, etc.). The purpose of this study is to identify the gender inequality in education through the analysis of gender gaps in access to education in Kazakhstan. The study was conducted within the concept of liberal feminism to assess the participation of women in education. Issues of gender inequality in education were studied through the gender parity index, with a focus on the analysis of the enrollment of women and men in education and their satisfaction with the availability of educational services. The main research methods were economic and statistical analysis and comparison. The source base for the study was statistical data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period from 2000 to 2022. The limitation of the study was the lack of data for a certain period or by level of education. The study revealed that in Kazakhstan there is a gender inequality in the field of postgraduate education, where the number of students is dominated by women. During the period under review, gender inequality decreased at the master’s level and increased at the doctoral level. At the same time, during the pandemic, gender inequality in education at the master’s level increased, while at the doctoral level it decreased. The main reason for the emergence of gender inequality in the field of postgraduate education is the low attractiveness of employment in the field of education and science on the part of men due to the low level of income in this area. The results obtained indicate the need to increase the prestige of teaching and research activities among the population, including by raising wages and providing decent social security for specialists in this field.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.