The purpose of this article is to investigate the problems of spatial inequality as the main risk for the sustainable social and economic development of Kazakhstan and also to show the main directions and opportunities for overcoming them by developing a compromise regional policy on the principles of inclusive development and mechanisms for selective support of the regions of Kazakhstan.In this article it was presented the analysis of the main indicators used for comparative characteristics of economic development, revealed negative factors that determined the decreasing dynamics of the main indicators of social and economic development in Kazakhstan.It was made conclusion about the preservation of such risks for sustainable economic development, as the polarization of the country’s economic space; the irrational structure of the economy, in which raw materials and extractive industries predominate; inequality of social and economic development; significant differentiation of the population in the distribution of income. To overcome risks, it is proposed to ensure inclusive development through use of the mechanisms of selective support of the regions of Kazakhstan.The results of the study can be used for the formation a new, compromise regional policy of Kazakhstan.