espEconomy: strategy and practiceEconomy: strategy and practice1997-99672663-550XИнститут экономики10.51176/1997-9967-2025-1-46-58esp-1531Research ArticleСОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА И КАЧЕСТВО ЖИЗНИSOCIAL POLICY AND QUALITY OF LIFEОценка уровня бедности в Казахстане: влияние дефицита денежных доходовAssessment of Poverty Levels in Kazakhstan: The Impact of Cash Income Deficiencyhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-8649-6412ХаустовичН. А.KhaustovichN. A.

К.э.н., доцент.

220070, пр. Партизанский 26, Минск

Natallia A. Khaustovich – Cand. Sc. (Econ.), Associate Professor, Belarusian State Economic University.

220070, 26 Partizanski Ave., Minsk

natahk@mail.ruБелорусский государственный экономический университетБеларусьBelarusian State Economic UniversityBelarus2025100420252014658Copyright © Хаустович Н.А., 20252025Хаустович Н.А.Khaustovich N.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://esp.ieconom.kz/jour/article/view/1531

Сегодня бедность остается значимой проблемой, затрагивающей различные группы населения и оказывающей влияние на экономическую стабильность. Понимание ключевых детерминантов бедности является важным условием для разработки эффективных стратегий ее снижения. Цель данного исследования – выявить взаимосвязи между уровнем бедности и денежными доходами населения, а также оценить региональные особенности ее распространения в Казахстане. Методология основана на анализе статистических данных за 2001-2023гг., собранные из официальные данные Бюро национальной статистики РК, Всемирного банка и Организации Объединенных Наций. В статье были применены методы описательной статистики для изучения динамики бедности, а также корреляционный и регрессионный анализ для выявления взаимосвязи между уровнем бедности и такими показателями, как средний номинальный доход на душу населения, коэффициент Джини, уровень безработицы и размер домохозяйства. Результаты показали значительные региональные различия в уровнях бедности, при этом самые высокие показатели бедности наблюдались в Туркестанской области (9%) и Абайском районе (8%). Регрессионный анализ подтвердил значительное влияние дефицита денежных доходов на уровень бедности (R2=0.86, p<0.01). Выявлена высокая степень корреляции между уровнем бедности и коэффициентом Джини (0,89), что указывает на значительное влияние неравенства доходов. Перспективы дальнейших исследований включают углубленный анализ влияния образовательного уровня на бедность, изучение воздействия цифровых финансовых технологий на доходы населения, а также оценку эффективности государственных программ по снижению бедности.

Today, poverty remains a significant problem affecting various population groups and economic stability. Understanding the key determinants of poverty is an important prerequisite for developing effective poverty reduction strategies. This study aims to identify the relationship between the poverty level and the population’s monetary income, as well as to assess the regional features of its spread in Kazakhstan. The methodology is based on an analysis of statistical data for 2001-2023 collected from official data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the World Bank, and the United Nations. The article uses descriptive statistical methods to study the dynamics of poverty and correlation and regression analysis to identify the relationship between poverty and indicators such as average nominal income per capita, Gini coefficient, unemployment rate and household size. The results showed significant regional differences in poverty levels, with the highest poverty rates observed in the Turkestan region (9%) and the Abai region (8%). Regression analysis confirmed a significant impact of the cash income deficit on the poverty rate (R2=0.86, p<0.01). A high correlation between the poverty rate and the Gini coefficient (0.89) was revealed, indicating a significant impact of income inequality. The prospects for further research include an in-depth analysis of the impact of educational attainment on poverty, a study of the impact of digital financial technologies on household incomes, and an assessment of the effectiveness of government programs to reduce poverty.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.