espEconomy: strategy and practiceEconomy: strategy and practice1997-99672663-550XИнститут экономики10.51176/1997-9967-2025-3-38-52esp-1628Research ArticleИННОВАЦИИ И ЦИФРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКАINNOVATION AND THE DIGITAL ECONOMYРазвитие социально-технического доверия в системе банковского аудита Казахстана на основе опыта ЭстонииBuilding Socio-Technical Trust in Kazakhstani Banking Audits Through Estonia’s Digital Governance Modelhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-4174-5022АбытаеваА.AbytaevaAvina

Абытаева А. – магистрант программы MBA, 

825, Брикелл-Бэй, 18 этаж, офис Майами, Флорида, 33131.

Avina Abytaeva – MBA Candidate, 

825, Brickell Bay Dr, 18th Floor, Suite, Miami, FL 33131.

abytaeva.a21@gmail.cohttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0018-7955РыскуловУ.RyskulovUrmat

Рыскулов У. – PhD, доцент, 

 ул. Аалы Токомбаева, 7/6, Бишкек.

Urmat Ryskulov – PhD, Associate Professor, 

7/6, Aaly Tokombaev St., Bishkek.

ryskulov_u@auca.kgУниверситет УэстклиффСоединённые Штаты АмерикиWestcliff UniversityUnited StatesАмериканский университет в Центральной АзииКыргызстанAmerican University of Central AsiaKyrgyzstan2025061020252033852Copyright © Абытаева А., Рыскулов У., 20252025Абытаева А., Рыскулов У.Abytaeva A., Ryskulov U.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://esp.ieconom.kz/jour/article/view/1628

Цель данного исследования заключается в разработке и обосновании модели социотехнической архитектуры доверия (STTA), адаптированной к национальной практике банковского аудита, с опорой на опыт Эстонии и теоретические основы социотехнических систем и институционального доверия. Методология исследования основана на документальном анализе нормативно-правовой базы Казахстана, сравнительном изучении международного опыта (в частности, модели X-Road и технологии KSI blockchain в Эстонии), а также на теоретическом моделировании. В исследовании использованы статистические материалы Национального банка Республики Казахстан, Агентства по регулированию и развитию финансового рынка (2022-2024 гг.), данные международных организаций (Всемирного банка, ОЭСР), а также эмпирические исследования эстонской практики цифрового аудита. Построена четырёхуровневая модель STTA, включающая пользовательский уровень (порталы для гражданского аудита через NDID), управленческий уровень (регуляторные «песочницы»), технический уровень (блокчейн-аудит, API-инфраструктура) и целевые индикаторы доверия (Индекс публичной верифицируемости, метрика «скорости доверия»). Модель предполагает рост уровня общественного доверия к банковскому аудиту в Казахстане до 80% к 2030 г. (вместо текущих ~38%), снижение повторных нарушений на 30% и значительное сокращение мошеннических операций. Исследование подчёркивает необходимость регуляторной перенастройки и модернизации ИТ-инфраструктуры для формирования доверия на основе эстонских механизмов. Полученные результаты обладают практической значимостью для стран с переходной экономикой и низким уровнем общественного доверия к финансовым институтам.

The purpose of this study is to develop and substantiate the socio-technical trust architecture (hereinafter – STTA) model, adapted to the national practice of banking audit, drawing on Estonia’s experience and on the theoretical frameworks of socio-technical systems and institutional trust. The research methodology is based on a documentary analysis of Kazakhstan’s regulatory framework, a comparative study of international experiences (in particular, the Estonian X-Road model and KSI blockchain technology), as well as theoretical modelling. The work uses statistical materials from the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Agency for Regulation and Development of the Financial Market (2022-2024), data from international organizations (the World Bank, the OECD), as well as empirical research on the Estonian practice of digital auditing. A four-level STTA model has been developed, comprising the user level (portals for civil audit via NDID), the management level (regulatory sandboxes), the technical level (blockchain audit, API infrastructure), and target trust indicators (Public Verifiability Index, “trust rate” metric). The model assumes an increase in the level of public trust in banking auditing in Kazakhstan to 80% by 2030 (from the current ~38%), a 30% reduction in repeated violations, and a significant decrease in fraudulent transactions. The study highlights the need for regulatory recalibration and IT infrastructure upgrades to build trust through Estonia-inspired mechanisms. The results are practically relevant for transition economies seeking to strengthen digital accountability and citizen engagement in financial oversight.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.