espEconomy: strategy and practiceEconomy: strategy and practice1997-99672663-550XИнститут экономики10.51176/1997-9967-2026-2-117-135esp-2055Research ArticleРЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКАREGIONAL ECONOMYДетерминанты дифференциации заработных плат в Казахстане: межрегиональный и отраслевой анализDeterminants of Wage Differentiation in Kazakhstan: Interregional and Sectoral Analysishttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1117-7453ХасановА. Б.KhassanovA. B.

Хасанов А.Б. – PhD

ул. Пушкина 111, Алматы

Adil B. Khassanov – PhD

111 Pushkin St., Almaty

adilka1091@gmail.comКазахстанско-Немецкий УниверситетКазахстанKazakh-German UniversityKazakhstan202618072026212117135Copyright © Хасанов А.Б., 20262026Хасанов А.Б.Khassanov A.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://esp.ieconom.kz/jour/article/view/2055

Неравномерность оплаты труда остаётся одной из ключевых проблем рынка труда Казахстана, поскольку различия в заработной плате формируются не только индивидуальными характеристиками работников, но и региональной, отраслевой и гендерной структурой занятости. Целью исследования является количественная оценка относительного вклада региона трудоустройства и вида экономической деятельности в межгрупповую дифференциацию заработной платы в Казахстане, а также определение доминирующего фактора на основе декомпозиции объяснённой дисперсии. Методы исследования включают полулогарифмическую регрессионную модель с дамми-переменными региона и отрасли, взвешивание по численности работников, робастные стандартные ошибки и декомпозицию Шепли. Результаты показали, что выбранные факторы объясняют 75% вариации заработной платы между анализируемыми группами. В 15 из 20 регионов заработная плата статистически значимо ниже, чем в г. Алматы. Наибольшая отраслевая премия относительно образования выявлена в горнодобывающей промышленности (+111%) и финансовой деятельности (+101%), тогда как отрицательный дисконт составляет от 11% до 18%. После учёта региона и отрасли гендерный разрыв в оплате труда оценивается на уровне около 12%. Декомпозиция Шепли показала, что региональный фактор объясняет 21% дисперсии логарифма заработной платы, а отраслевой фактор 45%. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы органами государственного управления при корректировке программ содействия занятости, переобучения и регионального развития.

The wage inequality remains one of the key problems of the Kazakh labor market, as wage differences are formed not only by individual characteristics of employees, but also by regional, sectoral, and gender employment patterns. The aim of the study is to quantify the relative contribution of the region of employment and the type of economic activity to the intergroup wage differentiation in Kazakhstan, as well as to determine the dominant factor based on the decomposition of the explained variance. The research methods include a semi-logarithmic regression model with dummy variables of the region and industry, employee weighting, robust standard errors, and Shapley decomposition. The results showed that the selected factors explain 75% of the wage variation between the analyzed groups. In 15 of the 20 regions, wages are statistically significantly lower than in Almaty. The largest industry premium relative to education was found in the mining industry (+111%) and financial activities (+101%), while the negative discount ranges from 11% to 18%. After accounting for the region and industry, the gender pay gap is estimated at about 12%. Shapley's decomposition showed that the regional factor explains 21% of the variance of the logarithm of wages, and the industry factor explains 45%. The results of the study can be used by government agencies to adjust employment promotion, retraining, and regional development programs.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.