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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">esp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Economy: strategy and practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economy: strategy and practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-9967</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2663-550X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Институт экономики</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51176/1997-9967-2026-2-136-150</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">esp-2056</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА И КАЧЕСТВО ЖИЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIAL POLICY AND QUALITY OF LIFE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Социально-экономическое неравенство и различия в продолжительности жизни</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Socio-Economic Inequality and Differences in Life Expectancy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чой</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Choi</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ким Г. – PhD, профессор</p><p>Чхунчхон-си, провинция Канвондо 24341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Choi C. – PhD, Professor</p><p>Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">choich@kangwon.ac.kr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Канвонский национальный университет</institution><country>Южная Корея</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kangwon National University</institution><country>Korea, Republic of</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>136</fpage><lpage>150</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чой С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чой С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Choi C.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://esp.ieconom.kz/jour/article/view/2056">https://esp.ieconom.kz/jour/article/view/2056</self-uri><abstract><p>В условиях усиления глобальных рисков, пандемий, урбанизации и социально-экономической поляризации проблема неравенства смертности становится одной из ключевых проблем современной распределительной и социальной науки. Целью данного исследования является анализ долгосрочной эволюции неравенства в продолжительности жизни и оценка влияния современных социально-экономических диспропорций и глобальных рисков на изменение тенденций к выравниванию смертности. В статье используется смешанный подход, сочетающий историко-сравнительную интерпретацию, анализ распределения на основе таблицы жизни и качественный институциональный анализ. В исследовании использованы данные ВОЗ, ОЭСР и результаты международных исследований в XIX, XX и начале XXI века. Результаты исследования показали, что в течение XX века коэффициент неравенства продолжительности жизни в развитых странах существенно снизился: в США с 0.476 в 1852 г. до 0.099 в 2002 г., в Англии и Уэльсе с 0.443 до 0,094, во Франции с 0.446 до 0.083. Вместе с тем в XXI веке наблюдаются замедление процессов выравнивания продолжительности жизни и усиление социально-экономической стратификации показателей выживаемости. В период пандемии COVID-19 глобальная ожидаемая продолжительность жизни сократилась на 1,8 года, тогда как объем избыточной смертности достиг около 14,9 млн человек. Исследование показало, что неравенство продолжительности жизни формируется под воздействием механизмов неравномерного распределения рисков, различий в уровне уязвимости, институциональной защиты и доступа к современным медицинским технологиям. Сделан вывод о том, что смертность должна рассматриваться не только как демографический или медицинский показатель, но и как итог распределительных процессов, связанных с институциональной организацией защиты, доступом к ресурсам и управлением глобальными рисками. Кроме того, исследование показывает, что распределение медицинских ресурсов и доступ к ним напрямую влияют на различия в показателях выживаемости между странами и социальными группами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the context of increasing global risks, pandemics, urbanization and socio-economic polarization, the problem of mortality inequality is becoming one of the key problems of modern distributive and social science. The purpose of this study is to analyze the long-term evolution of life expectancy inequality and assess the impact of modern socio-economic imbalances and global risks on changing trends towards equalization of mortality. The article uses a mixed approach combining historical and comparative interpretation, life table-based distribution analysis, and qualitative institutional analysis. The study uses data from WHO, the OECD, and the results of international research in the 19th, 20th, and early 21st centuries. The results of the study showed that during the 20th century, the coefficient of life expectancy inequality in developed countries decreased significantly: in the USA from 0.476 in 1852 to 0.099 in 2002, in England and Wales from 0.443 to 0.094, in France from 0.446 to 0.083. At the same time, in the 21st century, there is a slowdown in the processes of equalization of life expectancy and an increase in socio-economic stratification of survival rates. During the COVID-19 pandemic, global life expectancy decreased by 1.8 years, while excess mortality reached about 14.9 million people. The study showed that mortality inequality is formed through the mechanisms of unequal exposure to risks, vulnerability, institutional protection and access to medical technologies. Furthermore, the study shows that the distribution of medical resources and access to them directly influence differences in survival outcomes between countries and social groups.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>cоциальная стратификация</kwd><kwd>cоциальная стратегия</kwd><kwd>неравенство</kwd><kwd>cоциальноэкономическое неравенство</kwd><kwd>общественный риск</kwd><kwd>глобальный риск</kwd><kwd>продолжительность жизни</kwd><kwd>распределение ресурсов здравоохранения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Social Stratification</kwd><kwd>Social Strategy</kwd><kwd>Inequality</kwd><kwd>Socioeconomic Inequality</kwd><kwd>Risk Society</kwd><kwd>Global Risk</kwd><kwd>Life Expectancy</kwd><kwd>Healthcare Allocation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке Министерства образования Республики Корея и Национального исследовательского фонда Кореи (NRF-2025S1A5A2A01005338).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF2025S1A5A2A01005338)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banks, J., Currie, J., Krutikova, S., Salvanes, K. 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