<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">esp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Economy: strategy and practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economy: strategy and practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-9967</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2663-550X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Институт экономики</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51176/1997-9967-2021-2-86-97</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">esp-372</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ предпринимательства США и Китая: опыт для Казахстана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative analysis of USA and Chinese entrepreneurship: experience for Kazakhstan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8421-5150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мырзахметова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Myrzakhmetova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>corresponding author, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aidam201167@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9734-1407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухаметжан</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhametzhan</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Master’s degree 2 course specialty “World Economy” </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mukhametzhan.akbota@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="en">Department of International Relations and World Economy of Al-Farabi KazNU<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мырзахметова А.М., Мухаметжан А.Е., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мырзахметова А.М., Мухаметжан А.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Myrzakhmetova A.M., Mukhametzhan A.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://esp.ieconom.kz/jour/article/view/372">https://esp.ieconom.kz/jour/article/view/372</self-uri><abstract><p>Предпринимательство является основой национальной экономики и выполняет важную роль для эффективного функционирования экономики любой страны мира. Авторы изучили опыт США и КНР, в которых давно и успешно развивается малое и среднее предпринимательство как в периоды экономического роста, так и в периоды спада экономики.Цель статьи – изучить особенности и провести сравнительный анализ организации предпринимательской деятельности в США и Китае, и на основе опыта этих стран разработать предложения для эффективного развития предпринимательства в Казахстане. Авторы проанализировали динамику и факторы развития малого и среднего предпринимательства, преимущества и недостатки предпринимательской деятельности в США и Китае, выявили влияние пандемии COVID-19 на предпринимательскую деятельность в этих странах и в Казахстане. В ходе исследования были использованы различные методы научного познания: сбор и обработка данных, экономический, сравнительный и статистический анализ, обобщение, синтез, индукция, дедукция. Были собраны и обработаны свежие количественные данные о состоянии и динамике развития малого и среднего предпринимательства в США и Китае в период с 2011 по 2021 годы.Малый и средний бизнес составляет неотъемлемую и важную часть экономического развития всех стран мира. Опыт таких стран как США и Китай может быть полезен и интересен для казахстанской экономики. Предпринимательство выполняет ряд важных социально-экономических функций для страны: обеспечение занятости, создание конкурентной среды, поддержка и внедрение инноваций, сокращение социального неравенства, привлечение природных, человеческих , материально-технических ресурсов в производственный и коммерческий процесс, стимулирование экономического роста и повышение благосостояния людей.Авторы, основываясь на исследовании опыта предпринимательской деятельности двух крупных стран лидеров мировой экономики, разработали предложения, которые будут способствовать развитию малого и среднего предпринимательства в Республике Казахстан.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Вusinesses are the backbone of the national economy and play an important role for the effective functioning of the economy of any country in the world. The authors studied the experience of the United States and China, in which small and medium-sized businesses have been successfully developing for a long time, both during periods of economic growth and during periods of economic recession.The purpose of the article is to study the features and conduct a comparative analysis of the organization of entrepreneurial activity in the United States and China, and, based on the experience of these countries, develop proposals for the effective development of entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. The authors analyzed the dynamics and factors of the development of small and medium-sized businesses, the advantages and disadvantages of entrepreneurial activity in the United States and China, and identified the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on entrepreneurial activity in these countries and in Kazakhstan. In the course of the study, various methods of scientific knowledge were used: data collection and processing, economic, comparative and statistical analysis, generalization, synthesis, induction, deduction. We collected and processed fresh quantitative data on the state and dynamics of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the United States and China in the period from 2011 to 2021.Small and medium business is an integral and important part of the economic development of all countries of the world, the experience of countries such as the United States and China can be useful and interesting for the Kazakh economy. Entrepreneurship performs a number of important socio-economic functions for the country: providing employment, creating a competitive environment, supporting and introducing innovations, reducing social inequality, attracting natural, human, material and technical resources into the production and commercial process, stimulating economic growth and improving the well-being of people.The authors, based on a study of the experience of entrepreneurial activities of two large leading countries of the world economy, have developed proposals that will contribute to the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международное предпринимательство</kwd><kwd>опыт США и Китая</kwd><kwd>государственная поддержка</kwd><kwd>влияние COVID-19</kwd><kwd>бизнес в Казахстане</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>international business</kwd><kwd>experience of the USA and China</kwd><kwd>state support</kwd><kwd>impact of COVID-19</kwd><kwd>business in Kazakhstan</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cantillon Richard «фр. Essai sur la nature du commerce en général». - N.Y : State University of New York Press, 1755. – P. 185-189.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cantillon R. (1755). Essai sur la nature du commerce en général» (Т. 2). N.Y: State University of New York Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marx Karl Das Kapital: From Capitalist Exploitation to Communist Revolution [Кітап]. - N.Y : Snow Lion Publication, 1955.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marx K. (1955). Das Kapital: From Capitalist Exploitation to Communist Revolution. N.Y: Snow Lion Publication.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raimond K. New rules for the New Economy. - N.Y. : Ten Radical Strategies for a Connected World, 1998. - 1-том. – 150 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raimond K. (1998). New rules for the New Economy. (Т. 1). N.Y.: Ten Radical Strategies for a Connected World.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рубин Ю.В. Основы предпринимательства. – Москва: MFPU Synergy, 2016. – 464с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubin YU.B (2016). Osnovy predprinimatel’stva: Uchebnik / YU.B. Rubin, 464 p. Rubin, Yu.B. (2016) Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship: Textbook / Yu.B. Ruby. - Moscow: MFPU Synergy, 464 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корнейко О.В. Бадун Э.А., Ткаченко В.А., Тихонова А.С. Новые финансовые возможности в сфере предпринимательства: внедрение микрофинансирования, краудфандинга, «peer-to-peer» кредитования. // Экономика и предпринимательство. – 2015. – № 7 (60). – C. 913- 918.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korneyko O.V., Badun E.A., Tkachenko V.A., Tikhonova A.S. (2015) Novyye finansovyye vozmozhnosti v sfere predprinimatel’stva: vnedreniye mikrofinansirovaniya, kraudfandinga, «peer-to-peer» kreditovaniya // Ekonomika i pred-prinimatel’stvo, 7 (60), 913-918.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вернон Р. «Международные инвестиции и международная торговля в производственном цикле». – Москва : АСТ, 1966.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vernon, Raymond (1966) «Mezhdunarodnyye investitsii i mezhdunarodnaya torgovlya v proizvodstvennom tsikle».</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ronald C. The Problem of Social Cost // Journal of Law and Economics. – 1960. - Vol. 3. - P. 1-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coase Ronald (1960). The Problem of Social Cost // Journal of Law and Economics, v. 3, n1 pp. 1-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Statistics Agency of Kazakhstan on Small and medium enterprises in Kazakhstan. – Алматы, 2011- 2021. – P. 85-88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agency of Kazakhstan on Statistics (2011- 2021). Small and medium enterprises in Kazakhstan, pp. 1-88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agency of Kazakhstan on Methodological recommendations onthe calculation of small-and medium-sized enterprises Approved by order of the chairman of the Agency of Kazakhstan on statistics from 28 September. – Алматы, 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agency of Kazakhstan on Statistics. Methodological recommendations onthe calculation of small-and medium-sized enterprises (2020) Approved by order of the chairman of the Agency of Kazakhstan on statistics from 28 September https://egemen.kz/article/161010-shaghyn-dgane-orta-biznes-bugingiakhualgha-bagha.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Licenseand International Public These 7 charts show COVID-19›s effect on the US job market in March. World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0. – N.Y., 2020. - URL: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/coronavirus-covid19-unitedstates-economicsemployment-business.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Licenseand I. P. (2020). These 7 charts show COVID-19’s effect on the US job market in March. World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 , . N.Y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Number of business establishments in the United States in March 2020. - United States, 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Number of business establishments in the United States in March 2020;. United States.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berman Y. The Distributional Short-Term Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on Wages in the United States // MPRA Paper No. 100466. -URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/100466/ (Дата обращения 01 07 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berman Y. The Distributional Short-Term Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on Wages in the United States. MPRA Paper No. 100466. Accessed 01 07 2020 https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/100466</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Как изменились продажи в Китае за время коронавируса. - [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: https://kursiv.kz/news/ekonomika/2020-03/kak-izmenilis-prodazhi-v-kitae-za-vremya-koronavirusa. (Өтінім берілген күн 25 08 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kak izmenilis’ prodazhi v Kitaye za vremya koronavirusa Accessed 25.02.2021 URL: https://kursiv.kz/news/ekonomika/2020-03/kak-izmenilis-prodazhi-vkitae-za-vremya-koronavir usa.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">China grows business numbers faster than any other major economy and shrugs off impact of economic. - URL: https://www.uhy.com/chinagrows-business-numbers-faster-than-any-othermajor-economy-and-shrugs-off-impact-of-economicslowdown/ (Өтінім берілген күн 25 02 2021)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">China grows business numbers faster than any other major economy and shrugs off impact of economic. (2021). стр. 15-17. Получено из https://www.uhy.com/china-grows-business-numbers-fasterthan-any-other-major-economy-and-shrugs-off-impactof-economic-slowdown/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арустамов Э.А. Пахомкин А.Н., Митрофанов Т.П. Организация предпринимательской деятельности. – М.: Экономика. Управление. Предпринимательство, 2009. – 331 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arustamov E.A., Pakhomkin A.N., Mitrofanov T.P (2009). Organizatsiya predprinimatel’skoy deyatel’nosti. – M., 331 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бизнес и предпринимательская деятельность в Китае в 2021 году. – URL: https://emigranto.ru/strany-azii/kitai/biznes-v-kitae.html. (Өтінім берілген күн 25 02 2021)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biznes i predprinimatel’skaya deyatel’nost’ v Kitaye v 2021 godu.(2021) URL: https://emigranto.ru/strany-azii/kitai/biznes-v-kitae.html Accessed 25.02.2021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Covid-19: China’s economy picks up, bucking global trend . – 2020 . - C. 26-28. - URL: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-55699971. (Өтінім берілген күн 25 02 2021)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Covid-19: China’s economy picks up, bucking global trend. Accessed 25.02.2021. – URL: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-55699971.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">China says its economy grew 2.3% in 2020, but consumer spending fell. - 2020 . - URL: https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/18/china-economy-releaseof-fourth-quarter-full-year-2020gdp.html (Өтінім берілген күн 25 02 2021)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">China says its economy grew 2.3% in 2020, but consumer spending fell. Accessed 25.02.2021. – URL: https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/18/chinaeconomy-release-of-fourth-quarter-full-year-2020gdp.html.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доклад о развитии малых и средних предприятий Китая в 2004 г. - URL: http://pg.jrj.com.cn/acc/pdf/2005/gp/nb/0322 /600415_2004_n.pdf (өтінім берілген күн 25 02 2021)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doklad o razvitii malykh i srednikh predpriyatiy Kitaya v 2004 g. Accessed 25.02.2021 – URL: http://pg.jrj.com.cn/acc/pdf/2005/gp/nb/0322/600415_2004_n.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ерохин В.Я. Международное предпринимательство. - Финансы и статистика, : М.: М.: Финансы и статистика; Ставрополь: АГРУС, 2008. – C. 390.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yerokhin V.YA. Mezhdunarodnoye predprinimatel’stvo. – M.: Finansy i statistika, 2018. – 390 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ерошкин А. Механизмы государственной поддержи инноваций: зарубежный опыт // Мировая экономика и международные отношения. – 2011. - № 24 (456) - 62-70с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeroshkin A. (2011). Mekhanizmy gosudarstvennoy podderzhi innovatsiy: zarubezhnyy opyt. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya, 10, Р. 21-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юнусов И.А. Малое предпринимательство в контексте рыночной трансформации экономики и ее интеграции в мировую экономику// Аудит и финансовый анализ. – 2012.- № 1. - С.23-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yunusov I.A. (2012). Maloye predprinimatel›stvo v kontekste rynochnoy transformatsii ekonomiki I yeye integratsii v mirovuyu ekonomiku. Audit i finansovyy analiz, 1, 23-28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
