espEconomy: strategy and practiceEconomy: strategy and practice1997-99672663-550XИнститут экономики10.51176/1997-9967-2022-1-62-79esp-622Research ArticleРЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА И ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОЕ РАЗВИТИЕREGIONAL ECONOMY AND TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENTОсновные факторы и тенденции урбанизации в Казахстане: анализ и рекомендацииThe Main Factors and Trends of Urbanization in Kazakhstan: Analysis and Recommendationshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4210-3783НурлановаН. К.NurlanovaN. K.

д.э.н., профессор

ул. Шевченко 28, A25K1B0, Алматы

Nailya K. Nurlanova - Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor

28 Shevchenko Str., A25K1B0, Almaty

nurlanova.nailya@ieconom.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8762-5932ТлеубердиноваА. Т.TleuberdinovaA.

д.э.н., ГНС

ул. Шевченко 28, A25K1B0, Алматы

Aizhan Tleuberdinova - Doctor of Economic Sciences, Chief Researcher

28 Shevchenko Str., A25K1B0, Almaty

tleuberdinova@gmail.comСапарбекН. К.SaparbekN.

докторант PhD

ул. Шевченко 28, A25K1B0, Алматы

Nurgul Saparbek - doctoral student PhD

28 Shevchenko Str., A25K1B0, Almaty

usibalieva@mail.ruИнститут экономики КН МОН РККазахстанInstitute of Economics CS MES RKKazakhstan2022030420221716279Copyright © Нурланова Н.К., Тлеубердинова А.Т., Сапарбек Н.К., 20222022Нурланова Н.К., Тлеубердинова А.Т., Сапарбек Н.К.Nurlanova N.K., Tleuberdinova A., Saparbek N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://esp.ieconom.kz/jour/article/view/622

С развитием промышленности, индустриализацией сельского хозяйства, усилением трендов Индустрии 4.0 во всех странах мира усиливаются тенденции миграции сельских жителей в города и повышаются темпы урбанизации. Целью статьи явилось исследование основных факторов, определяющих тенденции, интенсивность и особенности процессов урбанизации в Казахстане. Использованы методы ретроспективного анализа, аналогий, логического анализа и обобщений, демографической и экономической статистики, индексный, графический, сравнительного анализа, абсолютные и относительные показатели демографии и миграции, методы теории дифференцированной урбанизации. Были применены специфические методы расчетов коэффициентов интенсивности урбанизации. Для достижения цели проведен сравнительный анализ теоретических воззрений на тенденции и факторы урбанизации. На базе статистических данных был осуществлен сравнительный анализ рождаемости, уровня и качества жизни, уровня бедности в городах и селах Казахстана. Выявлены динамика, направленность, территориальное распределение процессов урбанизации. Для определения иерархии городов в зависимости от численности населения рассчитаны кривые Ципфа и проведено ранжирование городов. Сделан вывод о неравномерности распределения процессов урбанизации на территории страны, а также о том, что факторы урбанизации в полной мере проявляются в казахстанских условиях и определяют ее тенденции и интенсивность. Исходя из выявленных тенденций и проблем урбанизации обоснованы рекомендации по выбору основных направлений и механизмов регулирования процессов урбанизации в Казахстане.

With the development of industry, the industrialization of agriculture, the strengthening of Industry 4.0 trends in all countries of the world, the trends of migration of rural residents to cities, and the pace of urbanization are increasing. The purpose of the article was to study the main factors determining the trends, intensity, and specificity of urbanization processes in Kazakhstan. The methods of retrospective analysis, analogies, logical analysis, generalizations, demographic and economic statistics, index, graphic, comparative analysis, absolute and relative indicators of demography and migration, methods of the theory of differentiated urbanization are used. Specific methods were applied to calculate the coefficients of urbanization intensity. To achieve the goal, a comparative analysis of theoretical views on trends and factors of urbanization was carried out. Based on statistical data, a comparative analysis of the birth rate, the level, and quality of life, the level of poverty in cities and villages of Kazakhstan was carried out. The dynamics, orientation, and territorial distribution of urbanization processes are revealed. To determine the hierarchies of cities depending on the population, Zipf curves were calculated, ranking of cities was carried out. It is concluded that the processes of urbanization in the country are uneven, as well as that the factors of urbanization are fully manifested in Kazakhstan’s conditions and determine its trends and intensity. Based on the identified trends and problems of urbanization, recommendations on the choice of the main directions and mechanisms for regulating the processes of urbanization in Kazakhstan are substantiated.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.