espEconomy: strategy and practiceEconomy: strategy and practice1997-99672663-550XИнститут экономики10.51176/1997-9967-2022-2-126-145esp-715Research ArticleДЕМОГРАФИЯ, ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И РЫНОК ТРУДАDEMOGRAPHY, HUMAN RESOURCES AND THE LABOR MARKETЭкономические аспекты и факторы образовательной и трудовой миграции молодежи Казахстана за рубежEconomic Aspects and Factors of Educational and Labor Migration of Kazakhstan Youth Abroadhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4841-4742ДжусибалиеваА. К.JussibaliyevaA. K.

к. э. н., ассоциированный профессор

тел.: 87471188545

010010

пр. Б. Момышулы 23

Нур-Султан

Aruzhan K. Jussibaliyeva, Candidate of Economic Science, Associate Professor

tel.: 87471188545

010010

23 B. Momyshuly Ave.

Nur-Sultan

d_aruzhan2011@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1440-9515ИскаковаД. М.IskakovaD. M.

к. э. н., директор

010010

пр. Б. Момышулы 23

Нур-Султан

Damira M. Iskakova, Candidate of Economic Science, Director

010010

23 B. Momyshuly Ave.

Nur-Sultan

damira61@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5959-7946ДуйсенбаеваБ. Б.DuisenbayevaB. B.

к. э. н., доцент

030006

ул. Айтеке би 52

Актобе

Botagoz B. Duisenbayeva, Candidate of Economic Science, Docent

030006

52 Aiteke bi Str.

Aktobe

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7841-2572ТлеубердиеваС. С.TleuberdiyevaS. S.

010008

ул. Сатпаева 2

Нур-Султан

Saltanat S. Tleuberdiyeva, PhD, Acting associate professor

010008

2 Satpayev Str.

Nur-Sultan

tleuberdieva@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1982-0140ИскаковаД. Б.IskakovaD. B.

010010

пр. Б. Момышулы 23

Нур-Султан

Dariya B. Iskakova, PhD student, research associate

010010

23 B. Momyshuly Ave.

Nur-Sultan

iskakova.dariya@bk.ruНаучно-производственное предприятие «Инноватор»КазахстанScientific and Production Enterprise “Innovator” LLPKazakhstanКазахско-русский международный университетКазахстанKazakh-Russion International universityKazakhstanЕвразийский национальный университет им. Л. Н. ГумилеваКазахстанL. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National universityKazakhstan202230062022172126145Copyright © Джусибалиева А.К., Искакова Д.М., Дуйсенбаева Б.Б., Тлеубердиева С.С., Искакова Д.Б., 20222022Джусибалиева А.К., Искакова Д.М., Дуйсенбаева Б.Б., Тлеубердиева С.С., Искакова Д.Б.Jussibaliyeva A.K., Iskakova D.M., Duisenbayeva B.B., Tleuberdiyeva S.S., Iskakova D.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://esp.ieconom.kz/jour/article/view/715

   Отток молодёжи из страны для получения образования и трудоустройства за рубежом является одной из острейших социально-экономических проблем для Казахстана. С учётом международной конкуренции в образовании и несовершенства рынка труда в стране остановить эмиграцию молодёжи в ближайшее время представляется сложной задачей.

   Целями исследования являются определение и обоснование экономических аспектов и факторов образовательной и трудовой миграции казахстанской молодежи за рубеж. Сегодня молодежь Казахстана выезжает практически во все регионы и страны мира. Были разработаны 3 вида онлайн-опросников для отдельных категорий респондентов: 1) выпускники средних учебных заведений (27 вопросов), 2) выпускники бакалавриата (27 вопросов), 3) молодые люди, работающие и проживающие за рубежом (23 вопроса). Программное обеспечение SPSS использовалось для анализа данных. У миграции молодежи есть как позитивные, так и негативные аспекты. К позитивным последствиям можно отнести повышение уровня квалификации и знаний молодых людей, изучение новых возможностей для самореализации. Однако актуальной проблемой является тот факт, что образовательная и трудовая миграция молодежи переходит в постоянную или невозвратную миграцию. Проведенный анализ позволил нам определить доминирующие факторы «притяжения-выталкивания», которые изучены и рассматриваются как определяющие в миграционном движении молодёжи за рубеж. Сочетание притягивающих и выталкивающих факторов, влияющих на миграционные решения молодежи, может быть весьма сложным и разнообразным, однако в большинстве случаев основными являются именно экономические, социальные и демографические факторы миграции.

   The outflow of young people from the country for education and employment abroad is one of the most acute socio-economic problems for Kazakhstan. Taking into account the international competition in education and the imperfection of the labor market in the country, stopping the emigration of young people in the near future seems to be a difficult task.

   The purpose of the study is to identify and substantiate the economic aspects and factors of educational and labor migration of Kazakh youth abroad. Today, young people of Kazakhstan travel to almost all regions and countries of the world. Youth migration has both positive and negative aspects. There were developed 3 types of online questionnaires for particular categories of respondents: 1) graduates of secondary education (27 questions), 2) graduates of bachelor’s degree (27 questions), 3) young people working and living abroad (23 questions). SPSS Software was used for data analysis. The positive consequences include raising the level of qualifications and knowledge of young people, exploring new opportunities for self-realization. However, an urgent problem is a fact that the educational and labor migration of young people turns into permanent or non-return migration. The analysis allowed us to identify the dominant factors of «attraction-pushing», which have been studied and are considered as determining the migration movement of young people abroad. The combination of attracting and pushing factors influencing the migration decisions of young people can be very complex and diverse, however, in most cases, the main factors are economic, social, and demographic factors of migration.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.