espEconomy: strategy and practiceEconomy: strategy and practice1997-99672663-550XИнститут экономики10.51176/1997-9967-2022-2-146-159esp-716Research ArticleДЕМОГРАФИЯ, ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И РЫНОК ТРУДАDEMOGRAPHY, HUMAN RESOURCES AND THE LABOR MARKETОценка изменений структуры рынка труда под влиянием коронакризиса в КазахстанеAssessment of Changes in the Structure of the Labor Market under the Influence of the Corona Crisis in Kazakhstanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5406-696XАльшанскаяА. А.AlshanskayaA. А.

PhD докторант

тел.: 87012044749

010008

ул. Сатпаева 2

Нур-Султан

Anna А. Alshanskaya, PhD student

tel.: 87012044749

010008

Satpayev Str., 2

Nur-Sultan

ann.alshanska@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8985-8905АзатбекТ. А.AzatbekT. А.

доктор экономических наук, профессор

010008

ул. Сатпаева 2

Нур-Султан

Tolkyn А. Azatbek, doctor of economic sciences, professor

010008

Satpayev Str., 2

Nur-Sultan

tolkyn_d2005@mail.ruЕвразийский национальный университет им. Л. Н. ГумилеваКазахстанL. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National UniversityKazakhstan202230062022172146159Copyright © Альшанская А.А., Азатбек Т.А., 20222022Альшанская А.А., Азатбек Т.А.Alshanskaya A.А., Azatbek T.А.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://esp.ieconom.kz/jour/article/view/716

   Состояние сферы труда зависит от множества факторов: внедрения новых технологий, демографических тенденций, обострения международной конкуренции, усиления влияния глобализации. но наибольшее влияние в последние годы оказывает пандемия коронавируса. В исследовании ставится цель анализа закономерности развития рынка труда в Казахстане в условиях пандемии коронавируса и оценки ее влияния на состояние и структуру рынка. Для достижения цели в работе использовались методы анализа и синтеза в рамках структурно-функционального подхода. В данной статье представлена характеристика казахстанского рынка труда в период до и после введения карантинных ограничений. Выявлены положительные и негативные последствия пандемии и ее влияние на рынок труда, в том числе рост безработицы, снижение занятости населения, гендерная и отраслевая трансформация рынка труда и замедление внешних и внутренних трудовых миграционных потоков. Выделены отрасли, наиболее и наименее пострадавшие от пандемии. В частности, сильнее всего пострадал сектор так называемых «контактных» услуг, который, как правило, характеризуется высокой трудоемкостью, относительно низким уровнем оплаты труда, а также повышенной долей неформальной занятости и самозанятости. Подчеркивается, что важнейшим направлением в трансформации отечественного рынка труда станет его гибкость. Полученные в ходе исследования результаты позволяют сформулировать предложения по совершенствованию государственной политики развития и регулирования рынка труда.

   The state of the labor sphere depends on many factors: the introduction of new technologies, demographic trends, the aggravation of international competition, the strengthening of the influence of globalization, but the coronavirus pandemic has had the greatest impact in recent years. The study aims to analyze the patterns of labor market development in Kazakhstan in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and assess its impact on the state and structure of the market. To achieve the goal, the methods of analysis and synthesis within the framework of a structural and functional approach were used in the work. This article presents the characteristics of the Kazakhstan labor market in the period before and after the introduction of quarantine restrictions. The positive and negative consequences of the pandemic and its impact on the labor market have been identified, including an increase in unemployment, a decrease in employment, gender and sectoral transformation of the labor market and a slowdown in external and internal labor migration flows. The industries most and least affected by the pandemic are highlighted. In particular, the sector of so-called “contact” services suffered the most, which, as a rule, is characterized by high labor intensity, relatively low wages, as well as an increased share of informal employment and self-employment. It is emphasized that the most important direction in the transformation of the domestic labor market will be its flexibility. The results obtained in the course of the study allow us to formulate proposals for improving the state policy of development and regulation of the labor market.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.