espEconomy: strategy and practiceEconomy: strategy and practice1997-99672663-550XИнститут экономики10.51176/1997-9967-2023-1-196-209esp-981Research ArticleДЕМОГРАФИЯ, ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И РЫНОК ТРУДАDEMOGRAPHY, HUMAN RESOURCES AND THE LABOR MARKETМодель социальной политики для улучшения демографической ситуации в КазахстанеSocial Policy Model for Improving the Demographic Situation in Kazakhstanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8388-8559КангалаковаД. М.KangalakovaD. M.

PhD

ул. Шевченко 28, A25K1B0, Алматы

Dana M. Kangalakova – Ph.D.

28 Shevchenko Str., A25K1B0, Almaty

dmuratbekovna@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-1429ИльясА.IlyasA.

к.э.н., старший преподаватель

ул. Толе би 100, 050012 Алматы

Assel Ilyas - Candidate of Economic Sciences, Senior Lecturer

100 Tole bi Str., 050012, Almaty

asselilyas26@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9291-6144ТурдалинаШ. К.TurdalinaSh. K.

PhD докторант

ул. Шевченко 28, A25K1B0, Алматы

Sharbanu K.Turdalina – Ph.D. candidate

28 Shevchenko Str., A25K1B0, Almaty

shturdalina@gmail.comИнститут экономики КН МНВО РККазахстанInstitute of Economics CS MSHE RKKazakhstanАлматинский технологический университетКазахстанAlmaty Technological UniversityKazakhstan202303042023181196209Copyright © Кангалакова Д.М., Ильяс А., Турдалина Ш.К., 20232023Кангалакова Д.М., Ильяс А., Турдалина Ш.К.Kangalakova D.M., Ilyas A., Turdalina S.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://esp.ieconom.kz/jour/article/view/981

Одним из долгосрочных факторов развития экономики страны и ее регионов является развитие человеческого капитала. Однако человеческий капитал страны имеет разный уровень физического и умственного развития. В связи с этим изучение социальной политики наиболее актуально с целью улучшения демографической ситуации в стране. В статье рассматриваются основные задачи демографического развития Казахстана за последние годы в связи с уровнем развития социальной политики. Вопрос эффективности социальной политики особенно важен для Казахстана, что связано с неизбежностью старения населения и стремительным увеличением нагрузки на трудоспособное население, а также снижением численности молодежи и числа женщин на пике рождаемости. Это влечет за собой сокращение численности населения в будущем. Целью данной статьи является разработка механизмов социальной политики для улучшения демографической ситуации в стране. Развитие социальной инфраструктуры — образования, здравоохранения, культуры, спорта и других подобных систем — могло бы улучшить демографическую ситуацию в Казахстане. Метод исследования представляет собой системный и комплексный подход, который позволяет разрабатывать рекомендации в области социальной политики с целью увеличения численности населения. Результаты исследования охватывают рекомендации по социальным услугам и развитию социальной инфраструктуры. Теоретическая значимость исследования заключается в использовании этого материала в учебниках, а практическая значимость заключается в использовании рекомендаций органами власти. 

Among the long-term factors in developing the country’s economy and its regions is the development of human capital. However, the country’s human capital has a different level of physical and mental development. In this regard, the study of social policy is most relevant to improve the demographic situation in the country. The article considers the main tasks of the demographic development of Kazakhstan in recent years in connection with the level of social policy development. The issue of the effectiveness of social policy is particularly important for Kazakhstan, which is associated with the inevitability of population aging and the rapid increase in the burden on the ablebodied population, as well as a decrease in the number of young people and the number of women at the peak of fertility. This entails a decrease in the population in the future. The purpose of this article is to develop social policy mechanisms to improve the demographic situation in the country. The development of social infrastructure— education, healthcare, culture, sports, and other similar systems—could improve the demographic situation in Kazakhstan. The research method is a systematic and integrated approach that can develop recommendations in social policy to increase the population. The results of the study cover recommendations for social services and the development of social infrastructure. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the use of this material in textbooks, and the practical significance lies in the use of recommendations by authorities. 

экономикасоциальная политикасоциальная инфраструктурасоциальные услуги стратегияКазахстанEconomicsSocial PolicySocial InfrastructureSocial ServicesStrategyKazakhstanисследование проведено в рамках грантового финансирования Комитета науки Министерства науки и высшего образования Республики Казахстан проекта BR10965247 «Исследование особенностей и динамики, факторов демографических процессов, миграции, урбанизации в Казахстане, разработка цифровых карт и прогнозов»the study was conducted within the framework of program-targeted funding by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (BR10965247 «Study of factors, features, and dynamics of demographic processes, migration, urbanization in Kazakhstan, development of digital maps and forecasts»)ReferencesDuckett, J. (2020). Neoliberalism, authoritarian politics and social policy in China. Development and Change, 51(2), 523-539. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12568Duckett, J. (2020). Neoliberalism, authoritarian politics and social policy in China. Development and Change, 51(2), 523-539. https://doi. org/10.1111/dech.12568Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). The three worlds of welfare capitalism. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). The three worlds of welfare capitalism. New Jersey, Princeton University Press.Etzerodt, S. F., & Eriksen, J. (2017). Varieties of capitalism and varieties of welfare state capitalism: An empirical assessment of economic growth.Etzerodt, S. F., & Eriksen, J. (2017). Varieties of capitalism and varieties of welfare state capitalism: An empirical assessment of economic growth. https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/263372910/ Varieties_of_Capitalism_and_Varieties_oof_Welfare_ State_Capitalism.pdfFrericks, P., & Höppner, J. (2019). Self-responsibility readdressed: Shifts in financial responsibility for social security between the public realm, the individual, and the family in Europe. American Behavioral Scientist, 63(1), 65-84.Frericks, P., & Höppner, J. (2019). Self-responsibility readdressed: Shifts in financial responsibility for social security between the public realm, the individual, and the family in Europe. American Behavioral Scientist, 63(1), 65-84.Grigorieva, I. A. (2003). Social policy: basic concepts. Journal of Social Policy Research, [Zhurnal issledovanij social’noj politiki], 1(1), 29-44. (In Russ.)Grigorieva, I. A. (2003). Social policy: basic concepts. Journal of Social Policy Research, 1(1), 29-44.Hall, P. A., & Gingerich, D. W. (2009). Varieties of capitalism and institutional complementarities in the political economy: An empirical analysis. British journal of political science, 39(3), 449-482. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123409000672Hall, P. A., & Gingerich, D. W. (2009). Varieties of capitalism and institutional complementarities in the political economy: An empirical analysis. British journal of political science, 39(3), 449- 482. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123409000672Hall, S. M. (2020). Social reproduction as social infrastructure. Soundings, 76(76), 82-94. https://doi.org/10.3898/SOUN.76.06.2020Hall, S. M. (2020). Social reproduction as social infrastructure. Soundings, 76(76), 82-94. https:// doi.org/10.3898/SOUN.76.06.2020Kaufmann, F. X. (1997). Herausforderungen des Sozialstaates. Suhrkamp.Kaufmann, F. X. (1997). Herausforderungen des Sozialstaates. Suhrkamp.Knijn, T., & Kremer, M. (1997). Gender and the caring dimension of welfare states: toward inclusive citizenship. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 4(3), 328-361. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.sp.a034270Knijn, T., & Kremer, M. (1997). Gender and the caring dimension of welfare states: toward inclusive citizenship. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 4(3), 328-361. https://doi. org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.sp.a034270Latham, A., & Layton, J. (2019). Social infrastructure and the public life of cities: Studying urban sociality and public spaces. Geography Compass, 13(7), e12444. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12444Latham, A., & Layton, J. (2019). Social infrastructure and the public life of cities: Studying urban sociality and public spaces. Geography Compass, 13(7), e12444. https://doi.org/10.1111/ gec3.12444McFarlane, C., & Silver, J. (2017). The poolitical city:“Seeing sanitation” and making the urban political in Cape Town. Antipode, 49(1), 125-148. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12264McFarlane, C., & Silver, J. (2017). The political city:“Seeing sanitation” and making the urban political in Cape Town. Antipode, 49(1), 125-148. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12264McFarlane, C., & Silver, J. (2017). Navigating the city: Dialectics of everyday urbanism. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 42(3), 458-471. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12175McFarlane, C., & Silver, J. (2017). Navigating the city: Dialectics of everyday urbanism. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 42(3), 458-471. https://doi.org/10.1111/ tran. 12175Penny, J. (2020). ‘Defend the Ten’: Everyday dissensus against the slow spoiling of Lambeth’s libraries. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 38(5), 923-940. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775819893685Penny, J. (2020). ‘Defend the Ten’: Everyday dissensus against the slow spoiling of Lambeth’s libraries. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 38(5), 923-940. https://doi. org/10.1177/0263775819893685Schröder, M. (2019). Varieties of Capitalism and Welfare Regime Theories: Assumptions, Accomplishments, and the Need for Different Methods. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie & Sozialpsychologie, 71, 53-73 https://doi.org/10.1007/S11577-019-00609-7Schröder, M. (2019). Varieties of Capitalism and Welfare Regime Theories: Assumptions, Accomplishments, and the Need for Different Methods. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie & Sozialpsychologie, 71, 53-73 https://doi.org/10.1007/ S11577-019-00609-7Shaw, I. G. (2019). Worlding austerity: The spatial violence of poverty. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 37(6), 971-989. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775819857102Shaw, I. G. (2019). Worlding austerity: The spatial violence of poverty. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 37(6), 971-989. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0263775819857102Simone, A. (2004). People as infrastructure: Intersecting fragments in Johannesburg. Public culture, 16(3), 407-429. https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-16-3-407Simone, A. (2004). People as Infrastructure: Intersecting fragments in Johannesburg. Public Culture, 16(3), 407-429. https://doi. org/10.1215/08992363-16-3-407Simone, A. (2021). Ritornello:“people as infrastructure”. Urban Geography, 42(9), 1341-1348. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2021.1894397Simone, A. (2021). Ritornello:“people as infrastructure”. Urban Geography, 42(9), 1341-1348. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2021.1894397Strauss, K. (2020). Labour geography III: Precarity, racial capitalisms and infrastructure. Progress in Human Geography, 44(6), 1212-1224. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132519895308Strauss, K. (2020). Labour geography III: Precarity, racial capitalisms and infrastructure. Progress in Human Geography, 44(6), 1212-1224. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132519895308

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.