<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">esp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Economy: strategy and practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economy: strategy and practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-9967</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2663-550X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Институт экономики</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51176/1997-9967-2023-1-210-226</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">esp-982</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДЕМОГРАФИЯ, ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И РЫНОК ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DEMOGRAPHY, HUMAN RESOURCES AND THE LABOR MARKET</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние экономических показателей страны на международную миграцию молодежи: сравнительный анализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Influence of Economic Indicators of the Country on  Youth International Migration: a Comparative Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8605-5915</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Култанова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kultanova</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD докторант</p><p>пр. А.Молдагуловой 34, 030000, Актобе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD candidate</p><p>A.Moldagulova ave.34, 030000, Aktobe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kultanova.a@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0042-7341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кунуркульжаева</surname><given-names>Г. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kunurkulzhayeva</surname><given-names>G. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.э.н., ассоциированный профессор</p><p>пр. А.Молдагуловой 34, 030000, Актобе,</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor</p><p>A.Moldagulova ave.34, 030000, Aktobe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gtk63@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9673-2107</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абжан</surname><given-names>Ж. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abzhan</surname><given-names>Zh. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, Esil University</p><p> ул. Жубанова 7, 010010, Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Esil University</p><p>7 Zhubanov str., 010010, Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhanetta.kalieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Актюбинский региональный университет им. К.Жубанова<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University (Zhubanov University)<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Esil University<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Esil University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>210</fpage><lpage>226</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Култанова А.Е., Кунуркульжаева Г.Т., Абжан Ж.К., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Култанова А.Е., Кунуркульжаева Г.Т., Абжан Ж.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kultanova A.Y., Kunurkulzhayeva G.T., Abzhan Z.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://esp.ieconom.kz/jour/article/view/982">https://esp.ieconom.kz/jour/article/view/982</self-uri><abstract><p>Человеческий капитал в лице молодежи становится одним из важных потенциалов развития страны. Для того, чтобы снизить миграционные потоки молодежи необходимо знать, что влияет на их решение покинуть страну. Цель данной работы состоит в том, чтобы исследовать экономические факторы молодежной миграции в мире через литературный обзор, и провести сравнительный анализ экономических показателей между странами, входящих в Евразийский экономический союз. Методология исследования основана на принципах проектирования наиболее похожих систем и проектирования самых разных систем, которые широко используются в сравнительных исследованиях. Соответственно, было использовано небольшое количество случаев. Был проделан анализ сходств и выявленных различий между странами. Исследование проводилось в три этапа: литературный обзор, выбор показателей и сравнительный анализ. Сравнительный анализ базировался на четырех показателях, таких как государственные расходы на НИОКР, общее число эмигрантов, доля денежных переводов в ВВП и уровень безработицы. Данные были собраны из открытых источников. Согласно обзору литературы, было выявлено, что инвестиции в НИОКР оказывают сильное влияние на решение эмигрантов, особенно на решение молодежи мигрировать. Анализ показал, что существует сильное сходство между Арменией, Кыргызстаном и Белорусии по показателю безработицы и по образовательному показателю. Результаты по России и Казахстану подтвердили положение теории полезности, согласно которому молодые люди обычно уезжают ради лучших образовательных программ. Результаты данного исследования можно использовать для совершенствования и корректировки молодежной и миграционной политики страны, что возможно снизит миграцию молодежи в другие страны. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Human capital represented by young people is becoming an important potential for the country’s development. To reduce young people’s migration flows, it is necessary to know what influences their decision to leave the country. The purpose of this work is to study economic factors of youth migration globally through the literature review and to conduct a comparative analysis of economic indicators between the member-states of the Eurasian Economic Community. The methodology is based on the most similar and the most diverse systems, which are widely used in comparative studies. Accordingly, a small number of cases were selected based on similar models used. An analysis of similarities and identified differences between countries was carried out. The study included three stages: literature review, indicators selection and comparative analysis. Comparative analysis was based on four indicators, such as public spending on R&amp;D, the total number of emigrants, the share of remittances in GDP and the unemployment rate. The data was collected from open sources. According to the literature review, investment in R&amp;D was found to have a strong influence on the decision of emigrants, especially young people, to migrate. The analysis showed strong similarities between Armenia, Kyrgyzstan and Belarus regarding unemployment and educational indicators. The results for Russia and Kazakhstan confirmed the assumption of utility theory, according to which young people usually leave for the sake of better educational programs. The results of this study can be used to improve and adjust the youth and migration state policy, which may reduce the migration of young people abroad. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>зарубежная миграция</kwd><kwd>сравнительный анализ</kwd><kwd>экономика</kwd><kwd>миграция молодежи</kwd><kwd>экономические показатели</kwd><kwd>образование</kwd><kwd>НИОКР</kwd><kwd>стратегия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Foreign Migration</kwd><kwd>Comparative Analysis</kwd><kwd>Economics</kwd><kwd>Youth Migration</kwd><kwd>Economic Indicators</kwd><kwd>Education</kwd><kwd>R&amp;D</kwd><kwd>Strategy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aidis, R., Krupickaitė, D., &amp; Blinstrubaitė, L. (2005). The loss of intellectual potential: Migration tendencies amongst university students in Lithuania. Geografija, 41(2), 33-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aidis, R., Krupickaitė, D., &amp; Blinstrubaitė, L. (2005). The loss of intellectual potential: Migration tendencies amongst university students in Lithuania. Geografija, 41(2), 33-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azadi, P., Mirramezani, M., &amp; Mesgaran, M. B. (2020). Migration and brain drain from Iran. Stanford Iran, 2040, 1-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azadi, P., Mirramezani, M., &amp; Mesgaran, M. B. (2020). Migration and brain drain from Iran. Stanford Iran, 2040, 1-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Breschi, S., Lawson, C., Lissoni, F., Morrison, A., &amp; Salter, A. (2020). STEM migration, research, and innovation. Research Policy, 49(9), 104070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.104070</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Breschi, S., Lawson, C., Lissoni, F., Morrison, A., &amp; Salter, A. (2020). STEM migration, research, and innovation. Research Policy, 49(9), 104070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.104070</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Center for Human Resources Development “Labor Market of Kazakhstan, Development in a New Reality”, (2021), [cited December 20, 2022]. Available at: https://iac.enbek.kz/ru/node/1179 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Center for Human Resources Development “Labor Market of Kazakhstan, Development in a New Reality”, (2021), [cited December 20, 2022]. Available at: https://iac.enbek.kz/ ru/node/1179 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davletshina, Ya. M., Mukhametzyanova, L. K., &amp; Khizbullina, R. R. (2017). In the purposes and directions of purposeful youth in the Republic of Tatarstan: the results of empirical research. News of higher educational institutions. Volga region. Social Sciences [Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Povolzhskij region. Obshchestvennye nauki], 1(41), 111-118. (In Russ)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davletshina, Ya. M., Mukhametzyanova, L. K., &amp; Khizbullina, R. R. (2017). In the purposes and directions of purposeful youth in the Republic of Tatarstan: the results of empirical research. News of higher educational institutions. Volga region. Social Sciences, 1(41), 111-118. (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dzhooshbekova, A., Chynykeeva, G., Abduvapova, A., Turdubaev, K., Elchibekov, U., Arstanov, S., Satybaldieva Ch., Osmonova S., Sulaimanov E., Abduvapova A., Osmonova B. &amp; Abdullaeva, Z. (2021). External Migration Problems of Kyrgyzstan Population in the Post-Soviet Period. Advances in Applied Sociology, 11(3), 113-129. https://doi.org/10.4236/aasoci.2021.113009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzhooshbekova, A., Chynykeeva, G., Abduvapova, A., Turdubaev, K., Elchibekov, U., Arstanov, S., Satybaldieva Ch., Osmonova S., Sulaimanov E., Abduvapova A., Osmonova B. &amp; Abdullaeva, Z. (2021). External Migration Problems of Kyrgyzstan Population in the Post-Soviet Period. Advances in Applied Sociology, 11(3), 113-129. https://doi.org/10.4236/aasoci.2021.113009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ganguli, I. (2014). Scientific brain drain and human capital formation after the end of the Soviet Union. International Migration, 52(5), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12165</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ganguli, I. (2014). Scientific brain drain and human capital formation after the end of the Soviet Union. International Migration, 52(5), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12165</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ILO (2020). International Labour Organization. X How to Facilitate the Recognition of Skills of Migrant Workers. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---migrant/documents/publication/wcms_748721.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ILO (2020). International Labour Organization. X How to Facilitate the Recognition of Skills of Migrant Workers. https://www.ilo.org/ wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/--- migrant/documents/publication/wcms_748721.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IOM (2022). International Organization for Migration World Migration Report. Geneva. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/2022/10/migration-families/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IOM (2022). International Organization for Migration World Migration Report. Geneva. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/2022/10/ migration-families/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iskakova, D., Abetova, Z., Jussibaliyeva, A., &amp; Iskakova, D. (2022). Regulation of Educational and Labour Migration of Kazakhstan Youth Abroad. Migration Letters, 19(5), 615-627. https://doi.org/10.33182/ml.v19i5.2356</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iskakova, D., Abetova, Z., Jussibaliyeva, A., &amp; Iskakova, D. (2022). Regulation of Educational and Labour Migration of Kazakhstan Youth Abroad. Migration Letters, 19(5), 615-627. https://doi. org/10.33182/ml.v19i5.2356</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaliaskarova, G., &amp; Zhanpeiisova, K. (2019). THE STATE OF INTELLECTUAL migration of youth in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Bulletin d’EUROTALENT-FIDJIP, 1, 67-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaliaskarova, G., &amp; Zhanpeiisova, K. (2019). THE STATE OF INTELLECTUAL migration of youth in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Bulletin d’EUROTALENT-FIDJIP, 1, 67-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konstantinovna, G. L. (2016). The role of intellectual work migration solving the problems of competitive economy development. Scientific almanac of the Black Sea countries [Nauchnyj al’manah stran Prichernomor’ya], 1 (5), 30-33. (In Russ)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konstantinovna, G. L. (2016). The role of intellectual work migration solving the problems of competitive economy development. Scientific almanac of the Black Sea countries, 1 (5), 30-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krassinets, E., &amp; Tiuriukanova, E. (2001). Potentials of Labour Out‐migration from Russia: two surveys. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 92(1), 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9663.00135</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krassinets, E., &amp; Tiuriukanova, E. (2001). Potentials of Labour Out‐migration from Russia: two surveys. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 92(1), 5-17. https://doi. org/10.1111/1467-9663.00135</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Latova, N. V., &amp; Savinkov, V. I. (2012). The influence of academic migration on the intellectual potential of Russia. European Journal of Education, 47(1), 64-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3435.2011.01508.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Latova, N. V., &amp; Savinkov, V. I. (2012). The influence of academic migration on the intellectual potential of Russia. European Journal of Education, 47(1), 64-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465- 3435.2011.01508.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lazaretou, S. (2022). The Greek brain drain: the new pattern of Greek emigration during the recent crisis. Bank of Greece Economic Bulletin, 43, 31- 53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazaretou, S. (2022). The Greek brain drain: the new pattern of Greek emigration during the recent crisis. Bank of Greece Economic Bulletin, 43, 31- 53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ledeneva, V. YU., Lomakina, O. V., Dzhunusov, A. M., &amp; Begasilov B. T. (2021). Educational policy of Kazakhstan in terms of youth registration. Higher education in Russia [Vyssheye obrazovaniye v Rossii], 6, 156-168. (In Russ)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ledeneva, V. YU., Lomakina, O. V., Dzhunusov, A. M., &amp; Begasilov, B. T. (2021). Educational policy of Kazakhstan in terms of youth registration. Higher education in Russia, 6, 156-168. (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishchuk, H., Roshchyk, I., Sułkowska, J., &amp; Vojtovič, S. (2019). Prospects of assessing the impact of external student migration on restoring country’s intellectual potential (the case study of Ukraine). Economics &amp; Sociology, 12(3), 209-219. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2019/12-3/14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishchuk, H., Roshchyk, I., Sułkowska, J., &amp; Vojtovič, S. (2019). Prospects of assessing the impact of external student migration on restoring country’s intellectual potential (the case study of Ukraine). Economics &amp; Sociology, 12(3), 209-219. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2019/12-3/14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Our world in data “Migration” (2020). [cited January 5, 2022]. Available at: https://ourworldindata.org/migration</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Migration (2020) Our world in data [cited January 5, 2022]. Available at: https:// ourworldindata.org/migration</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poot, J. (2008). Demographic change and regional competitiveness: the effects of immigration and ageing. International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy, 4(1-2), 129-145. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFIP.2008.01691</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poot, J. (2008). Demographic change and regional competitiveness: the effects of immigration and ageing. International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy, 4(1-2), 129-145. https://doi. org/10.1504/IJFIP.2008.01691</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Record, R., &amp; Mohiddin, A. (2006). An economic perspective on Malawi’s medical” brain drain”. Globalization and health, 2, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-2-12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Record, R., &amp; Mohiddin, A. (2006). An economic perspective on Malawi’s medical” brain drain. Globalization and health, 2, 1-8. https://doi. org/10.1186/1744-8603-2-12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas, K. J., &amp; Inkpen, C. (2017). Foreign student emigration to the United States: Pathways of entry, demographic antecedents, and origin-country contexts. International Migration Review, 51(3), 789-820. https://doi.org/10.1111/imre.12265</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas, K. J., &amp; Inkpen, C. (2017). Foreign student emigration to the United States: Pathways of entry, demographic antecedents, and origin-country contexts. International Migration Review, 51(3), 789-820. https://doi.org/10.1111/ imre.12265</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Mol, C. (2016). Migration aspirations of European youth in times of crisis. Journal of youth studies, 19(10), 1303-1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2016.1166192</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Mol, C. (2016). Migration aspirations of European youth in times of crisis. Journal of youth studies, 19 (10), 1303-1320. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2016.1166192</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Bank (2021). World Development Report 2021 [cited January 5, 2022]. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Bank (2021). World Development Report 2021 [cited January 5, 2022]. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
