Влияние НИОКР на устойчивое развитие: литературный обзор

Сегодня НИОКР считаются критически важными для достижения устойчивого развития, поскольку они способствуют инновациям и стимулируют экономический рост. Целью данной работы является определение основных показателей исследований и разработок и проведение анализа ситуации с исследованиями и разработками в Казахстане. Методология состоит из систематического обзора литературы (13 статей) и статистического анализа исследований и инновационного развития в Казахстане за период с 2014 по 2020 годы и включает показатели развития НИОКР в Казахстане: затраты на НИОКР, общие/внутренние/внешние и источники финансирования. Результаты показали, что наиболее высокий уровень внутренних затрат на инновационные исследования и разработки формируется в городах Алматы, Астана и в Мангистауской области. Однако уровень внутренних затрат на исследования в Алматы снизился на 22% в 2018 году. Положительная динамика была в г. Астане, Восточно-Казахстанской, Атырауской, Мангистауской, Павлодарской и Жамбылской областях. Также наблюдалась четкая тенденция к увеличению собственных средств предприятий, направляемых на финансирование этих расходов. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что директивным органам следует уделять приоритетное внимание поддержке инвестиций в исследования, разработки и инновации как в государственном, так и в частном секторах. Анализ расходов на исследования и разработки показывает, что внутренние затраты являются наиболее важными, так как они отражают инновационный спрос и потенциал предприятий. Дальнейший анализ необходим для изучения распределения внутренних затрат в зависимости от видов деятельности, осуществляемой компаниями.

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