ҒЗТКЖ-ның тұрақты дамуға әсері: әдебиеттерге шолу

ҒЗТКЖ тұрақты дамуға қол жеткізу үшін шешуші рөл атқарады, өйткені ол инновацияларды дамытады және экономикалық өсуді ынталандырады. Әдістеме жүйелі әдебиеттерге шолудан (13 мақала) және 2014-2020 жылдар аралығындағы кезеңде Қазақстандағы ғылыми-зерттеу және инновациялық дамуды статистикалық талдаудан тұрады және Қазақстандағы ҒЗТКЖ дамуының көрсеткіштерін қамтиды: ҒЗТКЖ шығындары Жалпы/ішкі/сыртқы және қаржыландыру көздері. Нәтижелер ғылыми-зерттеу және тәжірибелік-конструкторлық инвестициялар өнімділікке, инновацияға және экономикалық өсуге оң әсер ететінін көрсетеді. Нәтижелер инновациялық зерттеулер мен тәжірибелік-конструкторлық жұмыстарға ішкі шығындардың ең жоғары деңгейі Алматы және Астана қалаларында және Маңғыстау облысында қалыптасқанын көрсетті. Дегенмен, ішкі зерттеу шығындарының деңгейі Алматыда 2018 жылы 22%-ға төмендеді. Оң динамика Астана, Шығыс Қазақстан, Атырау, Маңғыстау, Павлодар және Жамбыл облыстарында болды. Сондай-ақ осы шығындарды қаржыландыруға бөлінген кәсіпорындардың меншікті қаражатының айқын өсу үрдісі байқалды. Қорытындылар саясаткерлерге мемлекеттік және жеке сектордағы ғылыми-зерттеу және тәжірибелік-конструкторлық жұмыстар мен инновациялық инвестицияларды қолдауға басымдық беруі керек екенін көрсетеді. Ғылыми-зерттеу және тәжірибелік-конструкторлық шығындарды талдау ішкі шығындардың ең маңыздысы екенін көрсетеді, өйткені олар инновациялық сұраныс пен кәсіпорындардың әлеуетін көрсетеді. Компаниялар жүзеге асыратын қызмет түрлеріне негізделген ішкі шығындарды бөлуді зерттеу үшін қосымша талдау қажет.

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