Preview

Economy: strategy and practice

Advanced search

Managing the Sustainable Development of Kazakhstan’s Labor Market Through Gender Equality

https://doi.org/10.51176/1997-9967-2025-1-59-74

Abstract

Gender equality is necessary for further economic development of a country and societal welfare in conditions of the modern demands and shifts in the labor market of Kazakhstan. The goal of this research is to reveal the significance of gender issues in the sustainable enhancement of the labor market in Kazakhstan and to suggest the possibilities of applying gender equality in management practices. Regression and correlation analysis were conducted to analyze the relationship of indicators of gender equality with the economic data. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.909, p = 0.000265) was found between the ratio of women’s wages to men’s wages and the proportion of women in economic activity groups, indicating that women’s participation in the labor market is associated with an increase in their wages. The results of the study show that there is specific progress in the labor market of Kazakhstan in relation to gender inequality, but structural barriers remain. To achieve sustainable development, comprehensive measures are needed to ensure wage equality, increase the participation of women in high-paying industries, and create a gender balance in leadership positions. Thus, it is clear that the enhancement of gender equality increases labor productivity, expands personnel stock, and enhances the resilience of the economy. Future research in managing the sustainable development of the labor market in Kazakhstan through gender equality can be aimed at studying the long-term impact of gender initiatives on economic growth and social stability and assessing the effectiveness of specific policies and programs.

About the Authors

Y. Y. Mubarakov
Kazakh-American Free university
Kazakhstan

Yeldar Y. Mubarakov – PhD candidate, Kazakh-American Free University.

76 M. Gorky Str., Ust-Kamenogorsk



I. V. Bordiyanu
Kazakh-American Free university
Kazakhstan

Ilona V. Bordiyanu – PhD, Professor, Kazakh-American Free University.

76 M. Gorky Str., Ust-Kamenogorsk

87778551636



K. Nobach
Ohm University of Applied Sciences Nürnberg
Germany

Kai Nobach – PhD, Professor, Ohm University of Applied Sciences Nürnberg.

87, Bahnhofstr Str., 90402, Nuremberg



A. S. Seriktayeva
D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan technical university
Kazakhstan

Ayazhan S. Seriktayeva – Lecturer, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan technical university.

19 Serikbayev Str., 070004, Ust-Kamenogorsk



References

1. Annan, K. (2000) We the Peoples: The Role of the UN in the 21st Century. United Nations, Department of Public Information, New York, 48.

2. Brixiová, Z., Kangoye, T., & Tregenna, F. (2020). Enterprising women in Southern Africa: When does land ownership matter? Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 41, 37–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09663-2

3. Bureau of National statistics. (2023). Retrieved May 10, 2024 from: https://stat.gov.kz

4. Khamzina, Z., Buribayev, Y., Taitorina, B., Yessengazieva, A., & Kuttygalieva, A. (2022). Towards nondiscrimination and gender equality: The role of international labor standards. Sustainability, 14(9), 5349. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095349

5. Connor, J., Madhavan, S., Mokashi, M., Amanuel, H., Johnson, N. R., Pace, L. E., & Bartz, D. (2020). Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review. Social Science & Medicine, 266, 113364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113364

6. Cuberes, D., & Teignier, M. (2016). Aggregate Effects of gender gaps in the labor market: A quantitative estimate. Journal of Human Capital, 10(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1086/683847

7. Dang, M. H. (2023). Improving the labor market toward sustainable development: Suggestions for labor law. International Conference on Human Resources for Sustainable Development, 91–100. https://doi.org/10.51316/icpt.hust.2023.31

8. European Commission. (2019). 2019 report on equality between women and men in the EU. Publications Office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2838/395144

9. Farafontova, E., Shcheblyakov, E., Safronov, V., & Babaeva, A. (2020). Gender equality in labor relations in the context of sustainable development goals. International Conference on Economic and Social Trends for Sustainability of Modern Society, 128–136. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.03.16

10. Fasiku, A. M. (2022). Gender equality and its implication for sustainable development in Nigeria. Humanities, Management, Arts, Education & the Social Sciences Journal, 10(1), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/HUMANITIES/V10N2P9

11. Gonzales, C., Jain-Chandra, S., Kochhar, K., & Newiak, M. (2015). Fair play: More equal laws boost female labor force participation (IMF Staff Discussion Note SDN/15/02). International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2015/sdn1502.pdf

12. Hirsu, L., Hashemi, L., & Quezada-Rayes, Z. (2019). SDG 5: Achieve Gender Equality and Empower all Women and Girls. Jean Monnet Sustainable Development Goals Network Policy Brief Series. RMIT University. [cited May 25, 2024]. Available at: https://www.rmit.edu.au/content/dam/rmit/rmit-images/college-of-dsc-images/eu-centre/sdg-5-policy-brief.pdf

13. ILO (2020). Global Wage Report 2020-21: Wages and minimum wages in the time COVID-19. [cited May 18, 2024]. Available at: https://www.ilo.org/publications/flagship-reports/global-wage-report-2020-21-wages-and-minimum-wages-time-covid-19

14. ILO (2024). Publications on gender equality. [cited May 24, 2024]. Available at: https://www.ilo.org/gender-equality#intro

15. Kabeer, N., & Natali, L. (2013). Gender equality and economic growth: Is there a win-win? IDS Working Papers, 2013(417), 1–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2040-0209.2013.00417.X

16. Karoui, K., & Feki, R. (2019). Does gender equality work for sustainable development in MENA? International Journal of Gender Studies in Developing Societies, 3(2), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGSDS.2019.102180

17. Klasen, S., & Lamanna, F. (2009). The impact of gender inequality in education and employment on economic growth: New evidence for a panel of countries. Feminist Economics, 15(3), 91–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545700902893106

18. Maheshwari, G., & Nayak, R. (2022). Women leadership in Vietnamese higher education institutions: An exploratory study on barriers and enablers for career enhancement. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 50(5), 758-775. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220945700

19. McKinsey& Company. (2020). Report on Gender Diversity. [cited May 18, 2024]. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/gender-equality

20. Milazzo, A., & Goldstein, M. (2019). Governance and women’s economic and political participation: Power inequalities, formal constraints, and norms. The World Bank Research Observer, 34(1), 34–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lky006

21. Nyussupova, G. N., Aidarkhanova, G. B., Kenespayeva, L. B., & Aubakirova, G. B. (2024). Regional analysis of gender inequality in the Kazakh labor market in the context of sustainable development. Economy: strategy and practice, 19(1), 88–103. https://doi.org/10.51176/1997-9967-2024-1-88-103 (In Kazakh)

22. On approval of the list of jobs where the use of labor by workers under the age of eighteen is prohibited, the maximum standards for carrying and moving heavy loads by workers under the age of eighteen, and the maximum standards for lifting and manually moving heavy loads by women. Order of the Minister of Health and Social Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 8, 2015 № 944. (2021). [cited May 25, 2024]. Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V1500012597 (in Russ)

23. Ostry, J.D., Alvarez, J.A., Espinoza, R.A., & Papageorgiou, C. (2018). Economic gains from gender inclusion: New mechanisms, new evidence (IMF Staff Discussion Note SDN/18/06). International Monetary Fund. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484337127.006

24. Pimpa, N. (2019). How mining companies promote gender equality through sustainable development? Cogent Business & Management, 6(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2019.1647590

25. Tsige, M., Synnevåg, G., & Aune, J. B. (2020). Gendered constraints for adopting climate-smart agriculture amongst smallholder Ethiopian women farmers. Scientific African, 7, e00250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sci-af.2019.e00250

26. United Nations (2012). Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 27 July 2013. A/RES/66/288. [cited May 25, 2024]. Available at: https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_66_288.pdf

27. United Nations Women. (2023). Economic empowerment. [cited May 25, 2024]. Available at: https://eca.unwomen.org/ru/what-we-do/economic-empowerment

28. United Nations Development Program. (2022). Kazakhstan gender equality. [cited May 19, 2024]. Available at: https://www.undp.org/kazakhstan/gender-equality

29. United Nations Development Program. (2024). Gender equality publications. [cited May 24, 2024]. Available at: https://www.undp.org/eurasia/our-focus/gender-equality

30. United Nations. (1987). Brundtland Commission. [cited May 18, 2024]. Available at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf

31. United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. [cited January 18, 2024]. Available at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld

32. World Bank. (2022). Women, Business and the Law 2021. [cited May 19, 2024]. Available at: https://wbl.worldbank.org/en/reports

33. World Economic Forum. (2024). Global Gender Gap Report. [cited May 22, 2024]. Available at: https://www.weforum.org/reports


Review

For citations:


Mubarakov Y.Y., Bordiyanu I.V., Nobach K., Seriktayeva A.S. Managing the Sustainable Development of Kazakhstan’s Labor Market Through Gender Equality. Economy: strategy and practice. 2025;20(1):59-74. (In Kazakh) https://doi.org/10.51176/1997-9967-2025-1-59-74

Views: 154


ISSN 1997-9967 (Print)
ISSN 2663-550X (Online)