Factor analysis of the development of tourism business in Kazakhstan

Tourism has become an important sector that affects the development of the country’s economy. The main benefits of tourism are income generation and job creation. For many regions and countries, this is the most important source of wealth. The driving force behind the development of the tourism industry is the activities of entrepreneurs. Through the analysis of available secondary data, this research aims to identify the most important factors influencing tourism entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan.

Given the importance of market development and entrepreneurship for economic growth, this study seeks to understand the relationship between entrepreneurship and other macroeconomic indicators. The desire for a better understanding of entrepreneurship is important because of the special role of entrepreneurship in the development of an innovative economy and the need for more strategic use of limited resources.

The aim of the work was to assess the factors of the macroenvironment affecting tourism business in Kazakhstan through regression analysis.

The article provides a statistical analysis of the number of active subjects in the tourism sector and identifies the main quantitative factors affecting its development. The result of the study was the identification of significant factors that influence the development of the industry.

The scope of the research results is the activity of tourism industry entities: the Ministry of Culture and Sports, Tourism Development Offices, tour operators and travel agents, industry organizations, employees of research institutes. The results of the study can be used in the development of state and regional programs for the development of the tourism industry in Kazakhstan.

1. Tleuberdinova A.T., Salauatova D.M. (2018). Features of entrepreneurship activities in tourism // The Bulletin of the National academy of sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 1, 371, 6 – 22

2. Brida, J. G., Cortes-Jimenez, I., & Pulina, M. (2016). Has the tourism-led growth hypothesis been validated? Aliterature review. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(5), 394-430. doi:10.1080/13683500.2013.868414

3. Boettke, P. J., & Coyne, C. J. (2009). Context matters: Institutions and entrepreneurship. Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship, 5(3), 135-209

4. Morrison, A., Rimmington, M., & Williams, C. (1999). Entrepreneurship in the Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure Industries. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 324.

5. Bryant, C. R. (1989). Entrepreneurs in the rural environment. Journal of Rural Studies, 5(4), 337-348

6. Smallbone, D., Welter, F., Voytovich, A., & Egorov, I. (2010). Government and entrepreneurship in transition economies: the case of small firms in business services in Ukraine. The Service Industries Journal, 30(5), 655-670

7. Gnyawali, D. R., & Fogel, D. S. (1994). Environments for entrepreneurship development: key dimensions and research implications. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(4), 43-62.

8. OECD (2017), “Financing approaches for tourism SMEs and entrepreneurs”, OECD Tourism Papers, 2017/03, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/8d06572a-en

9. Lordkipanidze, M., Brezet, H., & Backman, M. (2005). The entrepreneurship factor in sustainable tourism development. Journal of cleaner production, 13(8), 787-798

10. Nguyen, Q. A., Sullivan Mort, G., & D’Souza, C. (2015). Vietnamintransition: SMEsand thenecessitating environment for entrepreneurship development. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 27(3-4), 154-180

11. Honggang, X., & Shaoyin, M. (2014). Regional Environment of Destination and the Entrepreneurship of Small Tourism Businesses: A Case Study of Dali and Lijiang of Yunnan Province. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(2), 144-161. doi:10.1080/10941665.2012.734524

12. Porter, M. E. (1997). New strategies for innercity economic development. Economic Development Quarterly, 11(1), 11-27.

13. Davidsson, P., & Henrekson, M. (2002). Determinants of the Prevalance of Start-ups and High- Growth Firms. Small Business Economics, 19(2), 81-104. doi:10.1023/a:1016264116508

14. Levie, J., & Autio, E. (2007). Entrepreneurial framework conditions and national-level entrepreneurial activity: Seven-year panel study. Paper presented at the Third Global Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Washington D.C.

15. Klapper, L., Laeven, L., & Rajan, R. (2006). Entry regulation as a barrier to entrepreneurship. Journal of financial economics, 82(3), 591-629

16. Dahles, H. (2005). Culture, capitalism and political entrepreneurship: Transnational business ventures of the Singapore‐Chinese in China. Culture and Organization, 11(1), 45-58. doi:10.1080/14759550500062342

17. Combs J.P., and B. Elledge, “Effects of a Room Tax tions. There are a wide variety of factors affecting the on Resort Hotels/Motels,”National Tax Journal. Vd. seasonal pattern of the revenue series. Hotel room 32 (1979), 201-207.

18. Fuji E., Khaled M., & Mak J. (1985). The exportability of hotel occupancy and other tourist taxes. National Tax Journal, 38, 169–177.

19. Bird R.M. (1992). Tax Policy and Economic development. Baltimore and London: The johns Hopkins University Press, 155.

20. Abeyratne R.I.R. (1993), “Air Transport Tax and its consequences on Tourism”, Annals of Tourism Research, 20, 450-460.

21. Valliere, D. (2010). Reconceptualizing entrepreneurial framework conditions. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 6(1), 97-112

22. Zahra, S.A.,& Wright, M. (2016). Understanding the Social Role of Entrepreneurship. Journal of management studies, 53(4), 610-629. doi:doi:10.1111/joms.12149

23. Doms, M., Jarmin, R., & Klimek, S. (2004). Information technology investment and firm performance in US retail trade. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 13(7), 595-613. doi:10.1080/1043859042000201911

24. Oosterbeek, H., & van Praag, M. (1995). Firm-size wage differentials in the Netherlands. Small Business Economics, 7(3), 173-182. doi:10.1007/bf01135363

25. Geroski, P. A. (1995). What do we know about entry? International Journal of Industrial Organization, 13(4), 421-440. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7187(95)00498-X

26. Baily, M. N., Bartelsman, E. J., & Haltiwanger, J. (1996). Downsizing and Productivity Growth: Myth or Reality? Small Business Economics, 8(4), 259-278

27. Leibenstein, H. (1995). The Supply of Entrepreneurship. In G. M. Meier (Ed.), Leading Issues in Economic Development. New York: Oxford University Press, 273-275

28. Choo, S., & Wong, M. (2006). Entrepreneurial intention: triggers and barriers to new venture creations in Singapore. Singapore management review, 28(2), 47-64

29. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7 ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 739.

30. Esfandiar, K., Sharifi-Tehrani, M., Pratt, S., & Altinay, L. (2017). Understanding entrepreneurial intentions: A developed integrated structural model approach. Journal of Business Research, 172-182.