Cost analysis in the green economy on the example of the European Union and the Republic of Kazakhstan

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of various factors on the level of necessary costs to prevent and minimize the level of pollution from industrial activities. The study was conducted using econometric modeling methods, statistical and comparative analysis. A model was built for investments in all activities directly aimed at the prevention, reduction and elimination of environmental pollution. The following variables (factors) were used to construct these models: CO2 emission intensity, electricity consumption, losses during transmission and distribution of electricity, energy intensity and energy consumption, GDP at current prices and per capita, industrial production at current prices. The results of the studies to conclude that the level of energy intensity, energy consumption and GDP per unit of energy used affect changes in environmental costs. According the forecast model, the value of the necessary investments in the environment was determined, which show the need to increase the cost of protecting the environment. Thus, the share of investments aimed at protecting the environment in the total investment is only 1%, the share of investments in the green economy is 0.7%. The results can be used to develop recommendations for planning environmental costs and identifying investment indicators for sustainable development.

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