Институционалдық қолдау және әйелдердің экономикалық тұрақтылығы: әлеуетті арттырудың дәйекті үлгісі

Женщины играют важную роль в домашних предприятиях рыбного сектора, однако механизмы, посредством которых институциональная поддержка способствует устойчивости средств к существованию, остаются недостаточно изученными. Цель исследования — разработать и валидировать последовательную модель формирования возможностей, объясняющую, каким образом институциональная поддержка способствует устойчивости средств к существованию женщин, занятых в домашних предприятиях по переработке копченой рыбы в Индонезии. В исследовании использован последовательный исследовательский дизайн смешанных методов, объединяющий исторический анализ и моделирование структурными уравнениями методом частичных наименьших квадратов (PLS-SEM). Исследование включало анализ материалов за 2014–2024 гг. на основе 40 документальных источников и 20 интервью, а также опрос 368 женщин, занятых в домашних предприятиях в Тегалсари, Центральная Ява. Результаты показали, что институциональная поддержка положительно влияет на экономическую агентность женщин (β = 0.697, p < 0.001) и предпринимательскую ориентацию (β = 0.164, p = 0.005). Экономическая агентность женщин усиливает предпринимательскую ориентацию (β = 0.727, p < 0.001) и способность к рыночным инновациям (β = 0.444, p < 0.001), однако ее прямое влияние на устойчивость средств к существованию статистически незначимо (β = 0.138, p = 0.149). Предпринимательская ориентация оказывает наиболее сильное прямое влияние на устойчивость средств к существованию (β = 0.588, p < 0.001), тогда как влияние рыночных инноваций также является значимым (β = 0.203, p = 0.005). Полученные результаты подтверждают последовательный процесс формирования возможностей, в рамках которого институциональная поддержка трансформируется в устойчивость средств к существованию преимущественно через экономическую агентность женщин, предпринимательскую ориентацию и способность к рыночным инновациям.

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