The assessment a relationship between science and socio-economic development of the country (on the example of Kazakhstan)

The article presents the results of a quantitative analysis of the relationship between science and the country’s socio-economic development. A correlation and regression analysis was carried out based on statistical data of the Committee on Statistics of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the World Bank on the state of science, social and economic indicators. The most significant indicators of science, which are important factors in the socio-economic development of Kazakhstan, are identified. On the basis of the correlation analysis, it was revealed that among the indicators of science, internal expenditures on R&D, the number of scientific publications, patent applications are interconnected with indicators of the country’s socio-economic development. However, between some indicators there is no or, there is a reverse, negative relationship: the gross domestic product does not have a significant relationship with the indicators of science. Regression models show the importance of science indicators such as internal expenditures on R&D, scientific publications, the number of organizations (enterprises) carrying out R&D in the socio-economic development of the country, especially in the development of industrial production and increasing investment in fixed assets. The obtained models necessitate an increase in the role of science in the socio-economic development of the country: an increase in spending on science and the quality of scientific, empirical research, the results of which have applied aspects; development of the potential of scientific organizations are the important factors in the development of the economy and society. The prospect of this work is to conduct empirical research on the impact of specific scientific results on the socio-economic development of the country using quantitative and qualitative methods.

research and development (R&D), socio-economic development, research impact, gross domestic product (GDP), economy

1. Рыбаков Ф.Ф. Экономика научно-технического прогресса: ретроспективный анализ // Вестник МГТУ. - 2010. - Т. 13, №1. - С.37-40.

2. Veselá D., Klimová K. Knowledge-based Economy vs. Creative Economy // Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci. Elsevier B.V., - 2014. - Vol. 141. P.413-417. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.072

3. Тодосийчук А. Наука как фактор социального прогресса и экономического роста. - М.: НИИЭНиО, 2005. - 157 с.

4. Стратегия экономической безопасности и социальной стабильности Казахстана / Под ред. академика НАН РК Сатыбалдина А.А. - Алматы: Институт экономики КН МОН РК, 2019. -740 с.

5. Дикусар А., Кужба Р. Сравнительный анализ взаимосвязи между наукой и социально- экономическим развитием общества в странах ЕС и СНГ // Наука та наукознавство. - 2015. - Vol. 2. - С.51-57.

6. Корчмар Л. Роль науки в современной экономике // Экономический вестник университета. - 2012. - Vol. 18, N 2. -P.68-71.

7. Brey P. The strategic role of technology in a good society // Technology in Society. - 2018. - Vol. 52. - P. 39-45. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2017.02.002

8. Üzelgün M.A., Pereira J.R. Beyond the co- production of technology and society: The discursive treatment of technology with regard to near-term and long-term environmental goals // Technology in Society - 2020. - Vol. 61. - 2019. - P.101244 https://doi. org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101244

9. Walsh P.P., Murphy E., Horan D. Technological Forecasting & Social Change The role of science, technology and innovation in the UN 2030 agenda // Technological Forecasting and Social Change - 2020. Vol. 154. - P.119957. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j. techfore.2020.119957

10. Hetemäki L. The role of science in forest policy-Experiences by EFI // For. Policy Econ. Elsevier. - 2019. Vol.105.- P.10-16. - https://doi. org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.05.014

11. Morrison V. Science, Technology, and Society Studies. Encyclopedia of the Anthropocene. - Elsevier Inc. - 2017. - 2280 p. - https://doi.org/10.1016/ B978-0-12-809665-9.10310-6

12. Fukuda K. Science, technology and innovation ecosystem transformation toward society 5.0. // International Journal of Production Economics Elsevier B.V. - 2019. - №220. - February. - P.107460. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.07.033

13. Coccia M. Why do nations produce science advances and new technology ? // Technology in Society. - Elsevier Ltd. - 2019. - № 59. -March. - P.101124. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.03.007

14. Madurai R., Pugazhendhi R. Science of the Total Environment Restructured society and environment: A review on potential technological strategies to control the COVID-19 pandemic // Science of the Total Environment. - Elsevier B.V. - 2020. - № 725- P.138858. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scitotenv.2020.138858

15. Bozeman B., Youtie J. Socio- economic impacts and public value of government- funded research: Lessons from four US National Science Foundation initiatives // Research Policy. - Elsevier. - 2017. - Vol. 46, N 8. - P.1387-1398. - https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.06.003

16. Van Rensburg, N. J., Telukdarie, A., & Dhamija, P. Technology in Society Society 4.0 applied in Africa : Advancing the social impact of technology // Technology in Society. - Elsevier Ltd. - 2019 - №59. - March. - P.101125. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j. techsoc.2019.04.001

17. Xiwei Z., Xiangdong Y. Science and technology policy reform and its impact on China’s national innovation system // Technology in Society - 2007. - Vol. 29, - N 3. - P.317-325. - https://doi. org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2007.04.008

18. Casanova L., Cornelius P.K., Dutta S. The Impact of Science and Technology Policies on Rapid Economic Development in China [Электронный ресурс]. - 2014 - URL: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/ pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_gii_2015-chapter6.pdf (дата обращения 20.06.2020).

19. Нигей Н.В. Корреляционный и регрессионный анализ. [Электронный ресурс]. - 2016. URL: https://www.amursma.ru/upload/iblock/59c/ Izuchenie_svyazej_mezhdu_velichinami_metodami_ korrelyacionnogo_i_regressionnogo_analiza.pdf (дата обращения 20.06.2020).

20. Регрессионный анализ [Электронный ресурс]. - 2014 - URL: https://nafi. ru/upload/spss/Lection_7.pdf (дата обращения 20.06.2020).