Human Capital Development: Innovative Learning in the Post-Pandemic Era

The paper demonstrates the feasibility of innovative learning, which contributes to human capital. During the 2020-21 academic year, Kazakhstani universities rapidly moved to online learning due to the pandemic: teachers and students gain significant experience in digital technologies influencing human capital, which, in turn, contributes to the effectiveness of the educational institutions and the education as a whole. The use of digital technologies helps to preserve the educational infrastructure; on the other hand, digital credentials are developing. There are advantages and disadvantages to distant and blended learning approaches that influence student satisfaction. Student satisfaction scores could be insightful in extending the blended learning approach in educational programs after the pandemic.
The study aims to determine the role of innovative technologies to support the education-relevant elements of human capital during the pandemic. The literature review of articles is based on Elsevier, Springer, and Science Direct databases. To search the literature, we used the keywords “human capital,” “innovation,” and “online learning in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.” Qualitative and quantitative research was carried out among teachers and students of the Faculty of International Relations of al-Farabi KazNU. The research results demonstrate the attitude of teachers and students to distance learning. The introduction of innovative teaching methods for Kazakhstan in the face of blended learning can significantly reduce risks in an unpredictable environment. It is important to note that innovative educational technologies make the learning process flexible and adaptive. Credentials and skills acquired through online learning will be essential in the post-pandemic era.

1. Human capital | economics. (2021). Retrieved 11 December 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/human-capital

2. Kenton, W., & Sonnenshein, M. (2021). Reading Into Human Capital. Retrieved 11 December 2021, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/humancapital.asp#citation-2

3. Rajhans, V., Memon, U., Patil, V., & Goyal, A. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on academic activities and way forward in Indian Optometry. Journal of Optometry. doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.06.002

4. Brauweiler, H., & Yerimpasheva, A. (2021a). Innovative Technologies against the COVID-19’s Challenge: Education Issues. Eurasian Journal of Economic and Business Studies, 1(59), 5-22. doi: 10.47703/ejebs.v1i59.23

5. Brauweiler, H., & Yerimpasheva, A. (2021b). Moving to blended learning in the post-pandemic era. In J. Dyczkowska, The impact of COVID-19 on accounting, business practice and education (1st ed., pp. 104-120). Publishing House of Wroclaw university of Economics and Business. Retrieved 2 November 2021, from http://ibuk.pl.

6. Jamalpur, B., Kafila, Chythanya, K., & Kumar, K. (2021). A comprehensive overview of online education – Impact on engineering students during COVID-19. Materials Today: Proceedings. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.749

7. Poch, M., Garrido-Baserba, M., Corominas, L., Perelló-Moragues, A., Monclús, H., & CermerónRomero, M. et al. (2020). When the fourth water and digital revolution encountered COVID-19. Science of the Total Environment, 744, 140980. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140980

8. Klenner, M., Grimm, F., & Brauweiler, H. (2017). Flipped Classroom Educational Methods in International Distant Learning Projects. In International Conference on Education. Delhi: Delhi University.

9. Iivari, N., Sharma, S., & Ventä-Olkkonen, L. (2020). Digital transformation of everyday life – How COVID-19 pandemic transformed the basic education of the young generation and why information management research should care? International Journal of Information Management, 102183. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102183

10. Jowsey, T., Foster, G., Cooper-Ioelu, P., & Jacobs, S. (2020). Blended learning via distance in preregistration nursing education: A scoping review. Nurse Education in Practice, 44, 102775. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102775

11. Farahani, I., Laeer, S., Farahani, S., Schwender, H., & Laven, A. (2020). Blended learning: Improving the diabetes mellitus counseling skills of German pharmacy students. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 12(8), 963-974. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2020.04.016

12. Aucejo, E., French, J., Ugalde Araya, M., & Zafar, B. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on student experiences and expectations: Evidence from a survey. Journal of Public Economics, 191, 104271. doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104271

13. Yerimpasheva, A., Medukhanova, L., & Tarakbayeva, R. (2020). Innovative solutions in the fight against the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. KazNU Bulletin. Series international relations and international law, 92(4), 89-99. doi:10.26577/IRILJ.2020.v92.i4.09

14. Chaturvedi, K., Vishwakarma, D., & Singh, N. (2021). COVID-19 and its impact on education, social life and mental health of students: A survey. Children and Youth Services Review, 121, 105866. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105866

15. Upadhyaya, G., Jain, V., Iyengar, K., Patralekh, M., & AbhishekVaish. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on post-graduate orthopaedic training in DelhiNCR. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.07.018

16. Education: From disruption to recovery. (2021). Retrieved 30 March 2021, from https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/.

17. Haghani, M., Bliemer, M., Goerlandt, F., & Li, J. (2020). The scientific literature on Coronaviruses, COVID-19 and its associated safety-related research dimensions: A scientometric analysis and scoping review. Safety Science, 129, 104806. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104806

18. Megahed, N., & Ghoneim, E. (2020). Antivirus-built environment: Lessons learned from Covid-19 pandemic. Sustainable Cities and Society, 61, 102350. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102350

19. Ratten, V., & Jones, P. (2021). Covid-19 and entrepreneurship education: Implications for advancing research and practice. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100432. doi: 10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100432

20. Secundo, G., Mele, G., Vecchio, P., Elia, G., Margherita, A., & Ndou, V. (2021). Threat or opportunity? A case study of digital-enabled redesign of entrepreneurship education in the COVID-19 emergency. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166, 120565. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120565

21. You, S., Zhou, K., & Jia, L. (2021). How does human capital foster product innovation? The contingent roles of industry cluster features. Journal of Business Research, 130, 335-347. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.03.046

22. Kotsopoulos, D., Karagianaki, A., & Baloutsos, S. (2021). The effect of human capital, innovation capacity, and Covid-19 crisis on Knowledge-Intensive Enterprises’ growth within a VC-driven innovation ecosystem. Journal of Business Research, 139, 1177- 1191. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.10.055

23. Geng, S., Law, K., & Niu, B. (2019). Investigating self-directed learning and technology readiness in blending learning environment. International Journal of Educational Technology In Higher Education, 16(1). doi: 10.1186/s41239-019-0147-0

24. Zhang, X., & Wang, X. (2021). Measures of human capital and the mechanics of economic growth. China Economic Review, 68, 101641. doi: 10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101641

25. Oyinlola, M., Adedeji, A., & Onitekun, O. (2021). Human capital, innovation, and inclusive growth in sub-Saharan African Region. Economic Analysis and Policy, 72, 609-625. doi: 10.1016/j.eap.2021.10.003

26. Inclusive Growth - Economic growth that is distributed fairly across society. (2021). Retrieved 10 December 2021, from https://www.oecd.org/inclusivegrowth/#introduction

27. Diebolt, C., & Hippe, R. (2018). The long-run impact of human capital on innovation and economic development in the regions of Europe. Applied Economics, 51(5), 542-563. doi: 10.1080/00036846.2018.1495820

28. Индекс человеческого развития — Гуманитарный портал. (2021). Retrieved 10 December 2021, from https://gtmarket.ru/ratings/human-development-index#kazakhstan

29. Danquah, M., & Amankwah-Amoah, J. (2017). Assessing the relationships between human capital, innovation and technology adoption: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 122, 24-33. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2017.04.021

30. Muhamad, S., Sulaiman, N., & Saputra, J. (2018). The Role of Human Capital and Innovation Capacity on Economic Growth in ASEAN-3. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 52(1), 257-268. doi: 10.17576/jem-2018-5201-21

31. Ma, L., Zhai, X., Zhong, W., & Zhang, Z. (2019). Deploying human capital for innovation: A study of multi-country manufacturing firms. International Journal of Production Economics, 208, 241-253. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.12.001

32. Peng, H., Tan, H., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Human capital, financial constraints, and innovation investment persistence. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 28(3), 453-475. doi: 10.1080/19761597.2020.1770616

33. Lenihan, H., McGuirk, H., & Murphy, K. (2019). Driving innovation: Public policy and human capital. Research Policy, 48(9), 103791. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2019.04.015

34. Chang, T., Hong, G., Paganelli, C., Phantumvanit, P., Chang, W., Shieh, Y., & Hsu, M. (2021). Innovation of dental education during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Dental Sciences, 16(1), 15-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.07.011

35. Abbasi, S., Ayoob, T., Malik, A., & Memon, S. (2020). Perceptions of students regarding E-learning during Covid-19 at a private medical college. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36(COVID19-S4). doi: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2766

36. Sukendro, S., Habibi, A., Khaeruddin, K., Indrayana, B., Syahruddin, S., Makadada, F., & Hakim, H. (2020). Using an extended Technology Acceptance Model to understand students’ use of e-learning during Covid-19: Indonesian sport science education context. Heliyon, 6(11), e05410. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05410

37. Dong, C., Cao, S., & Li, H. (2020). Young children’s online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: Chinese parents’ beliefs and attitudes. Children and Youth Services Review, 118, 105440. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105440

38. Dhanalakshmi, R., Anuja Mary, A., Shrijith, D., & Vijayaraghavan, N. (2021). A Study on Covid-19 – Impacting Indian Education. Materials Today: Proceedings. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.786

39. Liu, C., & You-Hsien Lin, H. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on medical education: Experiences from one medical university in Taiwan. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.02.016

40. Gelineau-Morel, R., & Dilts, J. (2021). Virtual Education during COVID-19 and Beyond. Pediatric Neurology. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.02.008

41. Gupta, S., Dabas, A., Swarnim, S., & Mishra, D. (2021). Medical education during COVID-19 associated lockdown: Faculty and students’ perspective. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 77, S79-S84. doi: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.12.008