Factors influencing the competitiveness of aviation companies

Over the past twenty years, the airline industry has grown significantly, its growth rate exceeds the growth rate of world nominal GDP. Increasingly growing competition in the air transport market obliges airlines to provide their customers with quality products and services. In this regard, now the main goal of the airline is to increase its competitiveness, on which its image, economic results and development prospects depend.The article examines the factors affecting the competitiveness of airlines, a comparative analysis of the competitiveness factors of various objects of research is carried out: the domestic airline Air Astana with the largest airlines in the world - Aeroflot and Ural Airlines (RF) (RF), Belavia (Ukraine), Lufthansa (Germany), Turkish Airlines (Turkey).The purpose of the study is to justify the economic content and classification of the “competitiveness” category, score and the relationship of factors affecting the competitiveness of an air transport company.The article used qualitative and economic-statistical research methods. Qualitative methods are based on a scoring system, economic and statistical methods (correlation-regression model) are based on quantitative data of various factors that affect the competitiveness of airlines.The results of the study are the classification and justification of the external and internal competitiveness factors of civil aviation companies, the key ones of which, in our opinion, are the number of passengers and cargo transported, the size of the fare, staff efficiency, financial performance indicators of aviation companies, and the development of correlation and regression models that revealed a positive impact of Air Astana’s passenger traffic (87%) and assets (46%) on their revenues.

competitiveness, competitive advantage, airlines, factors affecting competitiveness, passenger flow, air passengers, business performance

1. Стратегический отчет АО «Air Astana» 2020 год

2. Baublys A., Griškevičienė D., Lazauskas J., Palšaitis R. Transport economics. //Vilnius: Technika - 2003.- 255 p.

3. Piccoli G. Review: IT-dependent strategic initiatives and sustained competitive advantage: a review and synthesis of the literature. // MIS Quarterly - 2005y, 29(4), 747-776. DOI: 10.2307 / 25148708

4. Lobanova L. Model of competitiveness: quality of human resources potential // Management of Enterprises, 2001 у, 125-155, DOI: 10.1080/09585199400000020

5. Портер М. Международная конкуренция. Конкурентные преимущества стран. //М.: Альпина Паблишер, 2017. - 947 с.

6. Фатхутдинов Р.А. Конкурентоспособность: экономика, стратегия, управление М.: Инфра-М. 2000. - 312 с.

7. De Villiers G. Transport, logistics and supply chain management. Civil Engineering. // Magazine of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering - 2002, 10(1), 16-23. DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/245/7/072005

8. Graham A., Airport Economics and Performance Measurement // Airport Economics and Finance Symposium 2018y, University of Westminster, London, 253

9. Porter M.E. The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy //Harvard Business Review, January 2008 - 78-93 р.

10. Annual Review - IATA 2019 y.e. [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.iata.org/ en/publications/annual-review/ (дата обращения 20.04.2020)

11. Annual Review - АО «Air Astana», 2006-2019 г.г. [Электронный ресурс]] URL: https://airastana. com/kaz/ru-ru/O-nas/Korporativnoe-upravlenie/ Godovye-otchety/Arkhiv-godovykh-otchetov (дата обращения:20.04.2020)

12. Annual Review - авиакомпании Аэрофлот, 2006-2019 гг. [Электронный ресурс]] URL: https:// ir.aeroflot.ru/ru/reporting/annual-reports/ (дата обращения: 20.04.2020)

13. Annual Review - авиакомпании Уральские авиалинии 2006-2019 г.г. [Электронный ресурс]] URL: https://www.uralairlines.ru/information-for-shareholders/annual-reports/ (дата обращения: 20.04.2020)

14. Annual Review - авиакомпании Belavia 2006-2019 г. [Электронный ресурс]] URL: https:// ds.kartoteka.by/info/otchetnost-oao-aviakompaniya- belavia (дата обращения: 20.04.2020)

15. Annual Review - авиакомпании Turkish Airlines 2006-2019 г.г. [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://investor.turkishairlines.com/en/financial-and-operational/annual-reports (дата обращения: 20.04.2020)

16. Annual Review - авиакомпании Lufthansa 2006-2019 гг. [Электронный ресурс] URL: https:// www.lufthansagroup.com/en/themes/annual-report (дата обращения: 20.04.2020)

17. Послание Президента Республики Казахстан К.-Ж. Токаева народу Казахстана «Конструктивный общественный диалог - основа стабильности и процветания Казахстана», от 2 сентября 2019 года.

18. Министерство национальной экономики Республики Казахстан / Комитет по статистике [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.stat.gov.kz (дата обращения:20.04.2020)

19. Ежеквартальный отчет ПАО «Аэрофлот» за 4 квартал 2019 года. [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://ir.aeroflot.ru/ru/disclosure-of-information/ quarterly-reports/ (дата обращения:20.04.2020)

20. Журнал Airlines IATA, от 04.2019 года, In numbers: Airline industry economic performance [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://airlines.iata. org/data/in-numbers-airline-industry-economic-performance (дата обращения:22.04.2020)

21. Названа наиболее пострадавшая от пандемии сфера деятельности. [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://liter.kz/nazvana-naibolee-postradavshaya-ot-pan/ (дата обращения: 16.04.2020)

22. Казахстанские авиакомпании терпят миллиардные убытки. [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://kursiv.kz/news/kompanii/2020-04/ kazakhstanskie-aviakompanii-terpyat-milliardnye-ubytki (дата обращения: 28.04.2020)