Основные факторы и тенденции урбанизации в Казахстане: анализ и рекомендации

С развитием промышленности, индустриализацией сельского хозяйства, усилением трендов Индустрии 4.0 во всех странах мира усиливаются тенденции миграции сельских жителей в города и повышаются темпы урбанизации. Целью статьи явилось исследование основных факторов, определяющих тенденции, интенсивность и особенности процессов урбанизации в Казахстане. Использованы методы ретроспективного анализа, аналогий, логического анализа и обобщений, демографической и экономической статистики, индексный, графический, сравнительного анализа, абсолютные и относительные показатели демографии и миграции, методы теории дифференцированной урбанизации. Были применены специфические методы расчетов коэффициентов интенсивности урбанизации. Для достижения цели проведен сравнительный анализ теоретических воззрений на тенденции и факторы урбанизации. На базе статистических данных был осуществлен сравнительный анализ рождаемости, уровня и качества жизни, уровня бедности в городах и селах Казахстана. Выявлены динамика, направленность, территориальное распределение процессов урбанизации. Для определения иерархии городов в зависимости от численности населения рассчитаны кривые Ципфа и проведено ранжирование городов. Сделан вывод о неравномерности распределения процессов урбанизации на территории страны, а также о том, что факторы урбанизации в полной мере проявляются в казахстанских условиях и определяют ее тенденции и интенсивность. Исходя из выявленных тенденций и проблем урбанизации обоснованы рекомендации по выбору основных направлений и механизмов регулирования процессов урбанизации в Казахстане.

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